坤

坤

See also: 堃 and ☷

坤 U+5764, 坤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5764 ← 坣 [U+5763] CJK Unified Ideographs 坥 → [U+5765]

Translingual

Han character

坤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土中田中 (GLWL), four-corner 4510₆, composition ⿰土申)

Derived characters

• 𫒨, 𡸼, 𬀾

Related characters

• 堃 (Variant form of 坤)

References

• KangXi: page 226, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4969
• Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 431, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5764

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		坤
alternative forms		堃

Glyph origin

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kūn (kun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan¹
• Min Bei (KCR): kó̤ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): khun (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kun
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun¹
    • Yale: kwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuen
    • Palladius: кунь (kunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan¹
    • Yale: kwān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khun
    • Tâi-lô: khun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: khun (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯə̯ɲ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 坤
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kʰuən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kʰuən²¹/
	Jinan	/kʰuẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰuə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰuən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰuẽ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kʰũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/kʰuen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kʰuə⁴⁴̃/
	Nanjing	/kʰun³¹/
	Hefei	/kʰuən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kʰuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰuəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kʰuən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰun³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰuʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰuɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰuən³³/
	Xiangtan	/kʰuən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰun⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰun⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kʰun²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰwɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/kʰʷɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kʰwɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰun⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰuŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xun²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰuən/

Rime
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦昆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuən/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuon/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwən/
Li Rong	/kʰuən/
Wang Li	/kʰuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kwan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤu[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kūn
Middle Chinese	‹ khwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁu[n]/
English	earth (trigram or hexagram)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坤
Reading #	1/1
No.	7518
Phonetic component	坤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	坤
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːn/

Definitions

坤

1. earth
2. feminine, female
3. eighth of the eight trigrams (bagua) used in Taoist cosmology, represented by the symbol ☷
4. second hexagram of the I Ching, represented by the symbol ䷁

Compounds

坤伶 坤元 坤厚 (Kūnhòu) 坤宅 坤德 坤角 坤造 坤鞋 乾坤 乾坤一擲／乾坤一掷 (qiánkūnyīzhì) 乾坤再造

坤儀／坤仪 坤宮／坤宫 坤寧宮／坤宁宫 坤戲／坤戏 坤書／坤书 坤書館／坤书馆 坤極／坤极 坤範／坤范 坤維／坤维 坤軸／坤轴

坤輿／坤舆 坤靈／坤灵 壺裡乾坤／壶里乾坤 弄乾坤 扭轉乾坤／扭转乾坤 (niǔzhuǎnqiánkūn) 旋乾轉坤／旋乾转坤 旋轉乾坤／旋转乾坤 浪蕩乾坤／放荡乾坤 顛乾倒坤／颠乾倒坤 顛倒乾坤／颠倒乾坤

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Japanese

Kanji

坤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. southwest

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: こん (kon)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 坤); ひつじさる (hitsujisaru, 坤)
• Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

Etymology

未 (hitsuji) +‎ 申 (saru)

Noun

坤(ひつじさる) • (hitsujisaru) 

1. (obsolete) southwest

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Korean

Hanja

坤 (eumhun 땅 곤 (ttang gon))

1. Hanja form^? of 곤 (“earth”).
2. (곤괘 곤, gongwae-) ☷ or the eighth of the Eight Trigrams, (☰☱☲☳☴☵☶☷ or 팔괘 (八卦, palgwae)) that exactly match with the three-digit binary numbers, counting from 0 to 7. Four (0, 2, 5, 7) out of eight trigrams are placed in the four corners of the flag of South Korea.
3. (황후 곤, hwanghu-) queen

Antonyms

• 건 (geon) (乾, geon)
• 천 (cheon) (天, cheon)

Synonyms

• 지 (ji) (地, ji)

Compounds

• 乾坤 (건곤, geongon) heaven and earth, yin and yang
• 坤卦 (곤괘, gongwae) the 8th of the Eight Trigrams
• 坤殿 (곤전, gonjeon) Her Majesty
• 坤極 (곤극, gongeuk) Her Majesty

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Vietnamese

Han character

坤: Hán Nôm readings: khôn, khuôn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation