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单词
释义

See also:
U+5750, 坐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5750

[U+574F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5751]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 32, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 88104, composition土从 or ⿱𠦏)

Derived characters

  • 侳, 挫, 𡌚, 䂳, 㟇, 唑, 𢚂, 㛗, 𡨠, 脞, 睉, 銼 (锉), 矬, 剉, 莝, 桽, 髽, 夎, 䦟 (䦷), 座, 痤, 𣨎, 趖, 𫐩, 𪨙

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 225, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5750

Chinese

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (to stay) + (ground).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
 
𡋲
𡊎


𠱯
𡋲
𡊎


𠱯
𡉡
𰉗
𭍻

Cognate with Japhug amdzɯ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zuò (zuo4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): zo4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зуә (zuə, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): co5, zo6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): to1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): co5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhô
    (Meixian, Guangdong): co1 / co4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zue3
  • Min Bei (KCR):
  • Min Dong (BUC): sô̤i / cô̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chē / chěr / chě / chēr / chǒ / chō / chǒ͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo6
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zu (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zo5 / zo4

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
      • Wade–Giles: tso4
      • Yale: dzwò
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
      • Palladius: цзо (czo)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡swɔ⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zo4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zo
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зуә (zuə, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suə⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: co5, zo6
      • Yale: chóh, joh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tso5, dzo6
      • Guangdong Romanization: co5, zo6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː¹³/, /t͡sɔː²²/
Note:
  • co5 - vernacular;
  • zo6 - literary.
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: to1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰᵘɔ³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: co5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰo¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhô
      • Hakka Romanization System: co´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: co1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: co1 / co4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰo⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zue3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized:
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sô̤i / cô̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɔy²⁴²/, /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Taichung, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
      • Tâi-lô: tsē
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ze
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡se³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /t͡se²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr
      • Tâi-lô: tsěr
      • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sə³³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²²/
    • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chě
      • Tâi-lô: tsě
      • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡se³³/
    • (Hokkien: Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēr
      • Tâi-lô: tsēr
      • IPA (Kinmen, Singapore): /t͡sə²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒ
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
      • Tâi-lô: tsō
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒo
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
      • IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sɔ³³/
Note:
  • chē/chěr/chě/chēr, chǒ - vernacular;
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zo6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so³⁵/
Note: zo6 - Chaozhou, Shantou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zu (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥v̩ʷ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zo5 / zo4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so²¹/, /t͡so⁴⁵/
Note:
  • zo5 - vernacular;
  • zo4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
MandarinBeijing/t͡suo⁵¹/
Harbin/t͡suo⁵³/
Tianjin/t͡suo⁵³/
Jinan/t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao/t͡suə⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡suo³¹²/
Xi'an/t͡suo⁴⁴/
Xining/t͡su²¹³/
Yinchuan/t͡suə¹³/
Lanzhou/t͡suə¹³/
Ürümqi/t͡suɤ²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡suo³⁵/
Chengdu/t͡so¹³/
Guiyang/t͡so²¹³/
Kunming/t͡so²¹²/
Nanjing/t͡so⁴⁴/
Hefei/t͡sʊ⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao/t͡ɕye̞³⁵/
/t͡suə³⁵/
Hohhot/t͡suɤ⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/zu²³/
Suzhou/zəu³¹/
Hangzhou/d͡zo¹³/
Wenzhou/zo³⁵/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰo³⁵/
Tunxi/t͡sʰo²⁴/
XiangChangsha/t͡so⁵⁵/
/t͡so¹¹/
Xiangtan/d͡zo²¹/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰo²¹/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰo²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sɔ²²/
/t͡sʰɔ²³/
Nanning/t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
Hong Kong/t͡sɔ²²/
/t͡sʰɔ¹³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡so²²/
/t͡se²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/sɔy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡so⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/t͡se³³/

  • Middle Chinese: /d͡zuɑX/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/2
Initial () (15)
Final () (95)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division ()I
Fanqie徂果切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡zuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwaX/
Li
Rong
/d͡zuɑX/
Wang
Li
/d͡zuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/, /*m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zoːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/32/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuòzuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzwaX ›‹ dzwaX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ//*m-[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/
Englishsitto set

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/2
No.18064
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zoːlʔ/

Definitions

  1. to sit; to take a seat
       zuòxià   to sit down
    [Hokkien]   Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   Please take a seat!
  2. to go by; to travel by; to ride
    公交車不小心過頭 [MSC, trad.]
    公交车不小心过头 [MSC, simp.]
    zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]
    to miss one's stop on the bus
    飛機去上海。飞机去上海。   zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi.   I go to Shanghai by plane.
    她開車去,不火車去。 [MSC, trad.]
    她开车去,不火车去。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù. [Pinyin]
    She does not go by train, she drives.
  3. to bear fruit
  4. (literary) because of; on the ground of
  5. to be in charge of; to manage
  6. to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up
       zuòzhèn   to assume personal command
  7. to be convicted (of a crime)
    • 元狩元年,與淮南王謀反,誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      元狩元年,与淮南王谋反,诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 漢書·卷十六 高惠高后文功臣表 第四
      Yuánshòu yuánnián, zuò yǔ huáinán wáng móufǎn, zhū. [Pinyin]
      In the first year of Yuanshou, convicted of conspiring with King of Huainan to rebel, executed.
See also
  • (shàng, “to board”)
Descendants
  • Ai-Cham: zai⁶

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuò (zuo4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): zo6

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
      • Wade–Giles: tso4
      • Yale: dzwò
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
      • Palladius: цзо (czo)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡swɔ⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zo6
      • Yale: joh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzo6
      • Guangdong Romanization: zo6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔː²²/

  • Middle Chinese: /d͡zuɑH/
Rime
Character
Reading #2/2
Initial () (15)
Final () (95)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division ()I
Fanqie徂卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡zuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwaH/
Li
Rong
/d͡zuɑH/
Wang
Li
/d͡zuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zoːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzwaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
Englishseat n.

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #2/2
No.18065
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zoːls/

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (zuò, “seat”).
Usage notes
  • This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014
  • Entry #3036”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. to sit
  2. to assume (a position)
  3. to hold still

Readings

  • Go-on: (za) (za, historical)
  • Kan-on: (sa) (sa, historical)
  • Kun: すわる (suwaru, 坐る); そぞろに (sozoroni, 坐に); おわす (owasu, 坐す); ます (masu, 坐す)
  • Nanori: います (imasu); ます (masu)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, is mostly replaced by , due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 坐 replaced by daiyōji 座
座骨
座職
座食
座禅
座像

Compounds

References

  • 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), ”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, Jitsū trade edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 앉을 좌 (anjeul jwa))

  1. Hanja form? of (to sit).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: tọa/toạ
: Nôm readings: ngồi, tòa/toà, tọa/toạ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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