地震

Chinese

		earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly	shake; shock; sign in trigram
trad. (地震)		地	震
simp. ^#(地震)		地	震

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dìzhèn
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄓㄣˋ
(Chengdu, SP): di⁴ zen³
Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ zan³
Gan (Wiktionary): ti⁵ 'ziin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thi-chṳ́n
(Meixian, Guangdong): ti⁴ zen³
Jin (Wiktionary): di³ zeng³
Min Bei (KCR): dī-cěng
Min Dong (BUC): dê-cīng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tē-chín / tōe-chín
(Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷ zing²
Wu (Wiktionary): di tsen (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): di⁵ zhen⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìzhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄓㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìjhèn
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴-chên⁴
  - Yale: dì-jèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihjenn
  - Palladius: дичжэнь (dičžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: di⁴ zen³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di zen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³ t͡sən⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dei⁶ zan³
  - Yale: deih jan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ dzan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ zen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²² t͡sɐn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ti⁵ 'ziin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi¹¹ ˈt͡sɨn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-chṳ́n
  - Hakka Romanization System: ti ziin`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ti⁴ zin³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ti⁴ zen³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sən³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: di³ zeng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵ t͡sə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dī-cěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵ t͡seiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dê-cīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-chín
  - Tâi-lô: tē-tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexcien
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² t͡ɕin⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-chín
  - Tâi-lô: tuē-tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doexcien
  - IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕin⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di⁷ zing²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī tsíng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹ t͡siŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: di tsen (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥i²² t͡səɲ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: di⁵ zhen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sən⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /diɪ^H t͡ɕiɪn^H/

Rime
Character	地	震
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	徒四切	章刃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/diɪ^H/	/t͡ɕiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/di^H/	/t͡ɕin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/djɪ^H/	/t͡ɕjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/di^H/	/cin^H/
Li Rong	/di^H/	/t͡ɕiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/di^H/	/t͡ɕĭĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱi^H/	/t͡ɕi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dì	zhèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dei⁶	zan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤej-s tər-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*l'els tjɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	地	震
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dì	zhèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dij^H ›	‹ tsyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[l]ˁej-s/	/*tər-s/
English	earth, ground	clap of thunder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	地	震
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14808	1367
Phonetic component	也	辰
Rime group	歌	文
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	地	震
Old Chinese	/*l'els/	/*tjɯn/

Noun

地震

earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)
地震活動／地震活动 ― dìzhèn huódòng ― seismic activity
臺灣發生地震了。／台湾发生地震了。 ― Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le. ― There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。 [MSC, trad.]
发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。 [MSC, simp.]
Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]
After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.
- 陽伏而不能出，陰迫而不能烝，於是有地震。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  阳伏而不能出，阴迫而不能烝，于是有地震。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Yáng fú ér bùnéng chū, yīn pò ér bùnéng zhēng, yúshì yǒu dìzhèn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts
官場大地震／官场大地震 ― guānchǎng dàdìzhèn ― a major change in government officials

Synonyms

(literary, or in compounds) 震 (zhèn)

Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		地震
Mandarin	Beijing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身
	Taiwan	地震, 地牛翻身
	Tianjin	地震
	Tangshan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Cangzhou	地震
	Baoding	地震, 地動
	Shijiazhuang	地震, 地動
	Chifeng	地震, 地動
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	地震
	Harbin	地震
	Shenyang	地震, 老鱉翻身
	Qingdao	地震
	Jinan	地震, 地動
	Luoyang	地動
	Wanrong	地動
	Zhengzhou	地動
	Xi'an	地震, 地動
	Yinchuan	地震
	Lanzhou	地震, 地動
	Xining	地震, 地牛搖頭
	Ürümqi	地動
	Wuhan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Chengdu	地震, 地動
	Guiyang	地震, 地動
	Kunming	地震, 鱷魚翻身
	Guilin	地震
	Liuzhou	地震
	Xuzhou	地震, 地動
	Yangzhou	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Nanjing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼睛
	Hefei	地震
	Nantong	地震, 地動
	Qimen (Anling Junhua)	鰲魚翻身
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	地動
	Kokang	地動, 鰲魚翻身
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	地震, 地動
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	地震
Cantonese	Guangzhou	地震
	Hong Kong	地震
	Yangjiang	地震
Gan	Nanchang	地震
Gan	Pingxiang	地震, 孽龍轉身
Hakka	Meixian	地震, 天地轉側
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	地震
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地轉側
	Wuhua (Changbu)	地震, 地轉側
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	地震
	Jiexi	地牛轉肩
	Luhe	地牛轉肩
	Changting	鰲魚翻身
	Yongding	地轉側
	Yongding (Xiayang)	地動
	Yongding (Gaobei)	地震
	Yongding (Hukeng)	地震
	Liancheng (Peitian)	鰲魚轉側, 地震
	Liancheng (Juxi)	地震
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	地震
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	地震, 地動
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	地動
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地動
	Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng)	地動
	Bobai (Longtan)	地震
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地動
	Bangkok (Meixian)	天轉側
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	地牛轉肩
Huizhou	Shexian	地震
Huizhou	Qimen (Anling Minhua)	鰲魚翻身, 地震
Jin	Taiyuan	地震, 地動
	Xinzhou	地動
	Linhe	地震, 地動
	Jining	地搖
	Hohhot	地震, 地動
	Zhangjiakou	地震
	Handan	地震, 地動
Min Bei	Jian'ou	地震, 地牛反肩
Min Dong	Fuzhou	地震, 地牛轉肩
Min Dong	Gutian	地震, 地牛車轉身 dated
Min Nan	Xiamen	地動
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	地動
	Quanzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	地動
	Zhangpu	地動
	Dongshan	地牛過肩, 地顫 rural
	Taipei	地動
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	地牛翻身, 地動
	Kaohsiung	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Yilan	地牛翻身, 地動
	Changhua (Lukang)	地動
	Taichung	地動, 地牛翻身
	Tainan	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Hsinchu	地動, 地牛翻身
	Kinmen	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penghu (Magong)	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penang (Hokkien)	地動, 地顫
	Manila (Hokkien)	地動
	Chaozhou	地震
	Shantou	地震
	Jieyang	地牛換肩
	Haifeng	地牛翻身
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	地震
Wu	Shanghai	地震, 地動
	Suzhou	地震
	Wenzhou	地震, 地藏王轉肩
Xiang	Changsha	地震
Xiang	Shuangfeng	地震

Verb

地震

(impersonal) to have an earthquake
臺灣地震了。／台湾地震了。 ― Táiwān dìzhèn le. ― There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
- 後數日驛至，果地震隴西，於是皆服其妙。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  后数日驿至，果地震陇西，于是皆服其妙。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Hòu shùrì yì zhì, guǒ dìzhèn lǒngxī, yúshì jiē fú qí miào. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

中源地震
九二一大地震
唐山大地震
地震波 (dìzhènbō)
有感地震
海底地震
深源地震
火山地震 (huǒshān dìzhèn)

集集大地震
地震儀／地震仪 (dìzhènyí)
地震帶／地震带 (dìzhèndài)
地震強度／地震强度
地震規模／地震规模
構造地震／构造地震
無感地震／无感地震

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地震):

→ Japanese: 地(じ)震(しん) (jishin)
→ Korean: 지진(地震) (jijin)
→ Vietnamese: địa chấn (地震)

Others:

→ Zhuang: dicin

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
地	震
じ Grade: 2	しん Grade: S
goon

/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC diɪ^H t͡ɕiɪn^H).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) じしん [jìshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [(d͡)ʑiɕĩɴ]

Homophones: 自身, 自信

Noun

地(じ)震(しん) • (jishin) ^{←ぢしん (disin)^?}

earthquake

Synonyms

(obsolete) 地震(ない) (nai), 地震(なえ) (nae)

Derived terms

地震(じしん)学(がく) (jishingaku)
地震(じしん)加藤(かとう) (Jishin Katō)
地震(じしん)危険(きけん)担保(たんぽ)特約(とくやく) (jishin kiken tanpo tokuyaku)
地震(じしん)記象(きしょう) (jishin kishō)
地震(じしん)空白(くうはく)域(いき) (jishin kūhakuiki)
地震(じしん)口(ぐち) (jishin-guchi)
地震(じしん)計(けい) (jishinkei)
地震(じしん)湖(こ) (jishinko)
地震(じしん)時(じ)応力(おうりょく) (jishin-ji ōryoku)
地震(じしん)随伴(ずいはん)事象(じしょう) (jishin zuihan jishō)
地震(じしん)帯(たい) (jishintai)
地震(じしん)探査(たんさ) (jishin tansa)
地震(じしん)断層(だんそう) (jishin dansō)
地震(じしん)探鉱(たんこう) (jishin tankō)
地震(じしん)動(どう) (jishindō)
地震(じしん)の巣(す) (jishin no su)
地震(じしん)の間(ま) (jishin no ma)
地震(じしん)波(は) (jishinha)
地震(じしん)売買(ばいばい) (jishin baibai)
地震(じしん)保険(ほけん) (jishin hoken)
地震(じしん)本部(ほんぶ) (Jishin Honbu)
地震(じしん)モーメント (jishin mōmento)
地震(じしん)約款(やっかん) (jishin yakkan)
地震(じしん)酔(よ)い (jishin yoi)
地震(じしん)予知(よち) (jishin yochi)
アウターライズ地震(じしん) (Autāraizu jishin)
大(おお)地震(じしん) (ōjishin)
海底(かいてい)地震(じしん) (kaitei jishin)
火山(かざん)性(せい)地震(じしん) (kazan-sei jishin)
関東(かんとう)地震(じしん) (Kantō jishin)
巨大(きょだい)地震(じしん) (kyodai jishin)
群発(ぐんぱつ)地震(じしん) (gunpatsu jishin)
鉱山(こうざん)地震(じしん) (kōzan jishin)
構造(こうぞう)地震(じしん) (kōzō jishin)
紺屋(こうや)の地震(じしん) (kōya no jishin)
古(こ)地震(じしん) (kojishin)
自然(しぜん)地震(じしん) (shizen jishin)
小(しょう)地震(じしん) (shō-jishin)
人工(じんこう)地震(じしん) (jinkō jishin)
深発(しんぱつ)地震(じしん) (shinpatsu jishin)
スロー地震(じしん) (surō jishin)
先史(せんし)地震(じしん) (senshi jishin)
浅発(せんぱつ)地震(じしん) (senpatsu jishin)
双発(そうはつ)地震(じしん) (sōhatsu jishin)
大(だい)規模(きぼ)地震(じしん) (dai-kibo jishin)
大(だい)地震(じしん) (dai-jishin)
直下(ちょっか)型(がた)地震(じしん) (chokka-gata jishin)
中(ちゅう)地震(じしん) (chū-jishin)
津波(つなみ)地震(じしん) (tsunami jishin)
低周(ていしゅう)波(は)地震(じしん) (teishūha jishin)
東海(とうかい)地震(じしん) (Tōkai jishin)
内陸(ないりく)地震(じしん) (nairiku jishin)
南海(なんかい)地震(じしん) (Nankai jishin)
氷河(ひょうが)地震(じしん) (hyōga jishin), 氷河(ひょうが)性(せい)地震(じしん) (hyōga-sei jishin)
双子(ふたご)地震(じしん) (futago jishin)
プレート境界(きょうかい)地震(じしん) (purēto kyōkai jishin)
無感(むかん)地震(じしん) (mukan jishin)
有感(ゆうかん)地震(じしん) (yūkan jishin)
ゆっくり地震(じしん) (yukkuri jishin)
誘発(ゆうはつ)地震(じしん) (yūhatsu jishin)
歴史(れきし)地震(じしん) (rekishi jishin)
連動(れんどう)地震(じしん) (rendō jishin)

Proverbs

地震(じしん)雷(かみなり)火事(かじ)親父(おやじ) (jishin kaminari kaji oyaji, “earthquake, thunder, fire, father → terms in order of fright”)

Related terms

震源地(しんげんち) (shingenchi, “epicenter”)
マグニチュード (magunichūdo, “magnitude”)
余震(よしん) (yoshin, “aftershock”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
地	震
Grade: 2	Grade: S
irregular

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 土 (na, combining apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居 (wi, modern i), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居る (iru, “to be”, of animate objects).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [na̠i]

Noun

地震(ない) • (nai) ^{←なゐ (nawi)^?}

(obsolete) an earthquake
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
  於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰(おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ)那為(なゐ)我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳(がよりこばやれむしばかき) [Man'yōgana]
  臣(おみ)の子(こ)の八符(やふ)の柴垣(しばかき)下動(したとよ)み地(なゐ)が震(よ)り来(こ)ば破(や)れむ柴垣(しばかき) [Modern spelling]
  omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 1212, Hōjōki[3]
  また、同(おな)じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大(おほ)地震(なゐ)ふること侍(さぶら)き。[...]　恐(おそ)れのなかに恐(おそ)るべかりけるは、只(ただ)地震(なゐ)なりけりとこそ覺(おぼ)え侍(じ)しか。[...]　よのつね、驚(おどろ)くほどの地震(なゐ)、二(に)三(さん)十(じふ)度(ど)ふらぬ日(ひ)はなし。
  Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
地	震
Grade: 2	Grade: S
irregular

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.

Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [na̠e̞]

Noun

地震(なえ) • (nae)

(obsolete) an earthquake
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 455)[4]
  Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN
Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
地	震

Noun

地震 • (jijin) (hangeul 지진)

Hanja form^? of 지진 (“earthquake”).

Related terms

震源地 (진원지, jinwonji, “epicenter”)
餘震 (여진, yeojin, “aftershock”)

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
地	震

Noun

地震

chữ Hán form of địa chấn (“earthquake”).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[3] Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN

[4] Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

地震

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Verb

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Proverbs

Related terms

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Noun

Related terms

Vietnamese

Noun