地球

Chinese

		earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly	ball; sphere
trad. (地球)		地	球
simp. ^#(地球)		地	球

Etymology

Coined by Matteo Ricci (Huang, 2003).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dìqiú
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ kau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Thi-khiù
Jin (Wiktionary): di³ qiou¹
Min Dong (BUC): Dê-giù
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Tē-kiû / Tōe-kiû
(Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷ giu⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): di jieu (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): di⁵ qiou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dìcióu
  - Wade–Giles: Ti⁴-chʻiu²
  - Yale: Dì-chyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dihchyou
  - Palladius: Дицю (Dicju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰjoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiúr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìcióur
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴-chʻiurh²
  - Yale: dì-chyóur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihchyoul
  - Palladius: дицюр (dicjur)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰjɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dei⁶ kau⁴
  - Yale: deih kàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ kau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ keo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thi-khiù
  - Hakka Romanization System: ti kiuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ti⁴ kiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: di³ qiou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dê-giù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ieu⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tē-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: Tē-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexkiuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /te²¹ kiu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tōe-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: Tuē-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doexkiuu
  - IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di⁷ giu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī kiû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹ kiu⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: di jieu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥i²² t͡ɕiɜ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: di⁵ qiou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/

Proper noun

地球

(astronomy) the Earth
地球自轉／地球自转 ― dìqiú zìzhuàn ― the Earth rotates; Earth's rotation
地球繞太陽公轉。／地球绕太阳公转。 ― Dìqiú rào tàiyáng gōngzhuàn. ― The earth revolves around the sun.

Coordinate terms

(planets of the Solar System) 太陽系的行星／太阳系的行星; 水星 (Shuǐxīng), 金星 (Jīnxīng), 地球 (Dìqiú), 火星 (Huǒxīng), 木星 (Mùxīng), 土星 (Tǔxīng), 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng), 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)

Derived terms

地球人 (dìqiúrén)
地球外 (dìqiúwài)
地球日 (Dìqiúrì)
地球村 (dìqiúcūn)
地球儀／地球仪 (dìqiúyí)

地球化學／地球化学 (dìqiú huàxué)
地球物理學／地球物理学 (dìqiú wùlǐxué)
地球科學／地球科学 (dìqiú kēxué)
地球科學家／地球科学家 (dìqiú kēxuéjiā)

Related terms

日球 (Rìqiú)
月球 (Yuèqiú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地球):

→ Japanese: 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū)
→ Korean: 지구(地球) (Jigu)
→ Vietnamese: Địa Cầu (地球)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: Trái Đất (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
地	球
ち Grade: 2	きゅう Grade: 3
kan’on

地球 (chikyū): the globe, the Earth.

Etymology

From Chinese 地球, coined by Matteo Ricci.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちきゅう [chìkyúú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥kʲɨᵝː]

Proper noun

地(ち)球(きゅう) • (Chikyū) ^{←ちきう (tikiu)^?}

(astronomy, mythology) Earth; Terra
地(ち)球(きゅう)は24(にじゅうよ)時(じ)間(かん)で１(いっ)回(かい)自(じ)転(てん)します。
Chikyū wa nijūyo-jikan de ikkai jiten shimasu.
The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.
地(ち)球(きゅう)は太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の第(だい)３(さん)惑(わく)星(せい)です。
Chikyū wa taiyōkei no dai-san wakusei desu.
The Earth is the third planet of the Solar System.
それでも地(ち)球(きゅう)は動(うご)く。
sore de mo Chikyū wa ugoku.
And yet the Earth moves.
- 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)３(さん)巻(かん) うらしま太(た)郎(ろう) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:
  地(ち)球(きゅう)は、サルのわく星(せい)になっていましたとさ。
  Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natteimashita to sa.
  Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.
- 1999 October 17, “異(い)次(じ)元(げん)からの侵(しん)略(りゃく)者(しゃ) [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami:
  銀(ぎん)河(が)系(けい)の外(そと)から地(ち)球(きゅう)にやってきた宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん)。
  Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.
  An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

Derived terms

地(ち)球(きゅう)温(おん)暖(だん)化(か) (chikyū ondanka): global warming
地(ち)球(きゅう)化(か)学(がく) (chikyū kagaku):　geochemistry
地(ち)球(きゅう)昭(しょう) (chikyū shō): earthshine, illuminating the dark part of the Moon
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい) (chikyūgai): extraterrestrial
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)生(せい)物(ぶつ) (chikyūgai seibutsu): extraterrestrial life
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)放(ほう)射(しゃ)線(せん) (chikyūgai hōshasen): extraterrestrial radiation
地(ち)球(きゅう)環(かん)境(きょう)モニタリングシステム (Chikyū Kankyō Monitaringu Shisutemu): Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)
地(ち)球(きゅう)観(かん)測(そく)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū kansoku eisei): Earth survey satellite
地(ち)球(きゅう)儀(ぎ) (chikyūgi): terrestrial globe
地(ち)球(きゅう)型(がた)惑(わく)星(せい) (chikyūgata wakusei): terrestrial planet, an Earth-like planet
地(ち)球(きゅう)磁(じ)気(き) (chikyū jiki): geomagnetism, terrestrial magnetism
地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū shūkai eisei): satellite orbiting the Earth, an Earth orbiter
地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)軌(き)道(どう) (chikyū shūkai kidō): Earth orbit, an orbit around the Earth
地(ち)球(きゅう)楕(だ)円(えん)体(たい) (chikyū daentai): Earth ellipsoid
地(ち)球(きゅう)潮(ちょう)汐(せき) (chikyū chōseki): Earth tide, a terrestrial tide
地(ち)球(きゅう)物(ぶつ)理(り)学(がく) (chikyū butsurigaku): geophysics

Related terms

(planets of the Solar System) 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei); 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei, “Mercury”), 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei, “Venus”), 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū, “Earth”), 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei, “Mars”), 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei, “Jupiter”), 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei, “Saturn”), 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei, “Uranus”), 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei, “Neptune”) ^{(Category: ja:Planets of the Solar System)}
ガイア (Gaia): Gaia or Gaea, the Greek goddess of the Earth

References

2003, Huang Heqing (黃河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献 (in Chinese)
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
地	球

Proper noun

地球 • (Jigu) (hangeul 지구)

Hanja form^? of 지구 (“Earth”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
地	球

Noun

地球

chữ Hán form of địa cầu (“globe”).

Proper noun

地球

chữ Hán form of Địa Cầu (“Earth”).

[1] 2003, Huang Heqing (黃河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献 (in Chinese)

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN