嚴

See also: 严 and 厳

嚴	U+56B4, 嚴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56B4

← 嚳
[U+56B3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嚵 →
[U+56B5]

Translingual

Traditional	嚴
Shinjitai	厳
Simplified	严

Han character

嚴 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 口口一一大 (RRMMK), four-corner 6624₈, composition ⿱吅𠪚)

Derived characters

儼, 㘙, 壧, 孍, 巗, 曮, 欕, 玁, 礹, 讝, 釅, 麣, 䶫, 巖, 䕾, 䉷

Descendants

厳 (In Japanese shinjitai)
严 (In simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 214, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4589
Dae Jaweon: page 436, character 33
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 702, character 2
Unihan data for U+56B4

Chinese

trad.		嚴
simp.		严
alternative forms		⿱吅厂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 嚴
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋam) : semantic 喦 (“talkative”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ) – the original script of 譀 (OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb, “exaggerated and absurd words”).

The meanings of "solemn" and "stern" may be a result of phonetic borrowing.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers 嚴 (OC *ŋam) to be cognate with the following:

巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “(of mountains) high; lofty”)
儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”)
險 (OC *qʰramʔ, “precipitous; dangerous”)
業 (OC *ŋab, “lofty; large”) (an allofam with a stop final).

They are all Sino-Tibetan in origin. Cognates in Tibetan include Tibetan རྔམ་པ་ (rngam pa, “splendor; majesty”) and Tibetan རྔམས (rngams, “height; splendor”). Burmese ငြမ်း (ngram:, “scaffold”) may also be a cognate.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
(Chengdu, SP): ngan² / nyian²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jim⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngiam³
Gan (Wiktionary): nyien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiàm
(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiam²
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Min Bei (KCR): ngǐng
Min Dong (BUC): ngièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gân / giâm / gêm
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵ / ngiang⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan² / nyian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan / nian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan²¹/, /nʲiɛn²¹/

Note:

nyian2 - literary;
ngan2 - vernacular.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁴
  - Yale: yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngiam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡiam²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲiam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gân
  - Tâi-lô: gân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaan
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /ɡiam²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêm
  - Tâi-lô: gêm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: geem
  - IPA (Hui'an): /ɡem²⁴/

Note:

gân - vernacular;
giâm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiam⁵ / ngiang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm / ngiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵/, /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ngiam5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang;
ngiang5 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 嚴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/iã²⁴/
	Xining	/iã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵian³¹/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹/ /ian²¹/ 新
	Kunming	/iɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ien²⁴/
	Hefei	/iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ȵie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵi²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ne⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵiẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiam¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jim²¹/
	Nanning	/jim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋiam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋiam³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐm/

Rime
Character	嚴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	語𩏩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐm/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐm/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨam/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐm/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)am/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋam/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjæm ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)am/
English	stern, majestic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚴
Reading #	1/1
No.	3692
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嚴
Old Chinese	/*ŋam/

Definitions

嚴

strict; rigorous; rigid
嚴格／严格 ― yángé ― strict; stringent
嚴謹／严谨 ― yánjǐn ― rigorous; strict
對自己要求很嚴／对自己要求很严 ― duì zìjǐ yàoqiú hěn yán ― to be strict with oneself
stern
嚴厲／严厉 ― yánlì ― stern
solemn; majestic; stately
莊嚴／庄严 ― zhuāngyán ― solemn
尊嚴／尊严 ― zūnyán ― dignity
urgent; pressing
severe
嚴重／严重 ― yánzhòng ― severe; critical
(of a door, mouth, defense, etc.) tight
嚴密／严密 ― yánmì ― tight; difficult to penetrate
(of weather) freezing cold
嚴冬／严冬 ― yándōng ― severe winter; harsh winter
嚴寒／严寒 ― yánhán ― freezing cold; bitterly cold
to respect
to fear
(honorific) father
家嚴／家严 ― jiāyán ― my father
a surname
嚴復／严复 ― Yán Fù ― Yan Fu (scholar and translator)

Synonyms

(strict):

edit

Synonyms of 嚴

不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
密切 (mìqiè)
小心 (xiǎoxīn)
慎密 (shènmì)
慎重 (shènzhòng)
板正 (bǎnzhèng)
精心 (jīngxīn)
鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)

仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
正經／正经 (zhèngjīng)
當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
精細／精细 (jīngxì)

細心／细心 (xìxīn)
細膩 (Min)
認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
過細／过细 (guòxì)

(solemn):

edit

Synonyms of 嚴

尊重 (zūnzhòng)
矜持 (jīnchí)
厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)

嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)

正經／正经 (zhèngjīng)
淩厲／凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng)

(severe):

edit

激烈 (jīliè)
狂 (kuáng) (literary, or in compounds)
猛烈 (měngliè)

劇烈／剧烈 (jùliè)
厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
尖銳／尖锐 (jiānruì)

強烈／强烈 (qiángliè)
火熱／火热 (huǒrè)
熾烈／炽烈 (chìliè) (figurative)

(father):

Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		父, 爺, 嚴 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		父親
Mandarin	Beijing	爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親
	Taiwan	爸爸, 爸
	Tianjin	爸爸, 老爸, 爹
	Chengde	爸爸
	Tangshan	父親, 爸爸, 爹
	Cangzhou	爸爸, 爹, 伯
	Baoding	爸爸
	Shijiazhuang	爸爸, 爹
	Chifeng	爸爸
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	爸爸
	Heihe	父親, 爸爸
	Qiqihar	爸爸
	Harbin	爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親
	Jiamusi	父親, 爸爸
	Baicheng	父親, 爸爸, 爹
	Changchun	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Tonghua	爸爸, 爹
	Shenyang	爸爸, 父親, 爹, 阿瑪 dated, Manchus
	Dandong	父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Jinzhou	父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Dalian	爸爸
	Yantai	爹
	Yantai (Muping)	爹, 爸爸
	Qingdao	爸爸, 爹
	Lijin	爹
	Zhucheng	大大, 爺, 爸爸
	Jinan	爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui
	Jining	爸爸, 大
	Luoyang	爹, 爸爸
	Wanrong	爸, 爹
	Shangqiu	爸爸, 爹, 大
	Yuanyang	父親, 爸爸, 爹
	Zhengzhou	爹, 伯, 達 Hui or suburbs
	Lingbao	爹, 大
	Xinyang	爸
	Baihe	父親, 爹, 爸爸
	Hanzhong	父親, 爸爸
	Xi'an	爸, 爸爸, 達 Hui
	Baoji	父親, 爸, 爹, 伯
	Yinchuan	爹, 爸爸, 父親
	Tianshui	爸爸, 大
	Lanzhou	爹, 爸爸, 老子 <>, 老爹 <>, 父親
	Dunhuang	大大, 爸, 爹爹
	Xining	阿達, 達達, 爹
	Hami	大大
	Ürümqi	爸爸, 爹, 爹爹, 達, 達達, 阿達 Hui, 先人 <>, 老爹 <>, 達當子 <>
	Yanqi	爹, 達達 Hui, 阿達 Hui, 老爹 <>
	Wuhan	爸爸, 爹 dated, 伯伯 <>, dated, 老子 <>, 老頭 <>, 點頭磕 <>, dated, 父老二 <>, dated, casual, 八叉 <>, dated, slang, 父親
	Huanggang	伯
	Xiangyang	父親, 爸爸, 伯伯
	Tianmen	父親, 爸爸, 爹, 大大
	Hong'an	父親, 父, 爸爸, 伯伯, 伯
	Chengdu	爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒 <>, 老把子 <>, 老漢兒 <>
	Nanchong	父親, 爸爸
	Dazhou	爸爸, 爹
	Hanyuan	父親, 爸爸, 爸爸
	Xichang	父親, 爸爸
	Zigong	父親, 大大, 爺, 爸爸, 爹
	Chongqing	老漢兒, 爸爸
	Guiyang	爸爸, 爹 dated, 老爹 <>, 老者 <>, 老者者 <>
	Zunyi	爹, 爸爸
	Bijie	爸爸, 老伯
	Liping	爹
	Zhaotong	爸爸, 爺爺, 大爹
Dali	阿爹
Kunming	爸爸, 父親, 爹
Mengzi	爸爸
Guilin	爸爸
Liuzhou	爸, 阿爸, 爹, 老爹 <>, 爹老 <>, 爺老 <>, 老頭子 <>
Jishou	父親, 爸爸, 爹
Changde	爹
Anqing	父親, 爸爸, 伯伯, 大大
Xuzhou	答答, 爸爸, 父親
Fuyang	父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸, 大大, 大
Wuhu	爸爸, 大大
Yangzhou	爸爸, 爹爹, 老子 <>, 父親
Lianyungang	父親, 爸爸, 大大
Lianshui	父親, 爺
Nanjing	爹, 爸爸, 伯伯, 爹爹
Hefei	伯伯, 爺
Nantong	父, 父啊, 爸, 爸爸, 爺 <>
Malaysia	爸爸, 爸, 爹哋
Singapore	爸爸, 爸, 老爸 <>
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	達達, 達, 阿達
Mae Salong (Lancang)	阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	爸, 爹, 爺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	阿爸, 爸爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
	Hong Kong	阿爸, 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋, 爸B, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	爹, 阿爸 <>, 爸 <>
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	爸爸
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	阿爸
	Macau	阿爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	爸爸, 阿叔 dated, 老豆 <>
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	阿叔, 阿伯, 老豆 <>
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	阿爸, 爸爸, 阿哥, 阿叔, 奶公, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
	Foshan	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	阿叔, 老豆 <>
	Foshan (Shunde)	阿爹, 老豆 <>
	Foshan (Sanshui)	阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>, dated
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	阿爸, 老子 <>, 老豆 <>
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Taishan	阿爸, 阿爹, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿爹, 老豆 <>
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿爹, 老豆 <>
	Heshan (Yayao)	阿爸, 老豆 <>
	Dongguan	阿爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish, 阿大 rare, 老子 <>
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
	Shaoguan	老豆, 阿爸
	Yunfu	老豆, 阿爸
	Yangjiang	阿爸, 阿爹 <>, 老豆 <>
	Xinyi	老豆, 阿爸
	Lianjiang	阿爸, 老豆, 爸爸
	Nanning	阿爸, 爸, 老豆, 老嘢 <>
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	爸爸, 阿叔, 叔公, 阿哥, 俺老子 <>, 老豆 <>
	Hepu (Shatian)	爸爸, 阿公, 俺公 <>
	Beihai	爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
	Beihai (Nankang)	爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
	Beihai (Yingpan)	阿爸, 阿叔, 阿哥, 老豆 <>
	Danzhou	爺
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	老豆, 阿爸, 爹哋, 老頭子 <>
	Singapore (Guangfu)	阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Gan	Nanchang	爸爸, 爺, 老子 <>, 爺老子 <>
	Lichuan	爺, 伯伯, 家父 <>
	Pingxiang	爺爺, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺老子 <>
Hakka	Meixian	阿爸, 爺仔 <>
	Xingning	阿爸
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
	Huiyang	阿爸
	Huidong (Daling)	阿爸
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿爸, 爸爸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿爸, 爸爸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	阿爸, 爺子 <>
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	阿爸
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	阿爸
	Wuhua (Changbu)	阿爺, 阿爸
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	阿爸
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿爸
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿爸
	Wengyuan	阿爸
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	阿爸
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	阿爸
	Liannan	爸
	Conghua (Lütian)	阿爸, 父親 <>
	Jiexi	爺
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	阿爸
	Changting	爹爹, 哥哥, 爹哩
	Wuping	阿哥, 伯
	Wuping (Yanqian)	爺哩
	Wuping (Pingyu)	爸
	Liancheng	伯
	Ninghua	哥哥, 爹
	Yudu	爸爸, 爺老 <>
	Ningdu	爹
	Ruijin	爹爹, 爹子
	Shicheng	爹, 爸爸
	Shangyou (Shexi)	爸爸
	Tonggu (Sandu)	爸爸
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	爸爸
	Dayu	爸爸, 爺爺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿爸, 爺仔 <>
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿爸, 爺仔 <>
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿爸, 爺仔 <>
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿爸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿爸, 爺仔 <>
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿怙, 阿爺 <>
	Hong Kong	阿爸
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	老子
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	阿爸
	Xinyi (Sihe)	阿爸, 老子
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	阿爸, 老豆
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	阿爸
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	阿叔, 阿爹, 阿哥, 阿爸
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	老子
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	阿爸
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	阿爸
	Mengshan (Xihe)	爸, 哥
	Luchuan	阿爸
	Sabah (Longchuan)	阿爸
	Senai (Huiyang)	阿爸
	Singkawang	阿爸
Huizhou	Jixi	伯伯, 爹, 老子 <>
	Shexian	伯, 爺, 相, 爸爸, 大
	Tunxi	爹, 爺, 爸
	Xiuning	爺, 阿爺
	Yixian	爹爹, 爸爸, 官人
	Qimen	爺兒, 伯兒
	Wuyuan	爸爸, 爺
Jin	Taiyuan	爸爸, 大大, 大, 爹, 老子 <>
	Pingyao	爹
	Yangyuan	父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸
	Datong	父親, 爸爸, 爹
	Xinzhou	大大, 大
	Lishi	父親, 爸爸, 爹, 老子
	Linfen	爸
	Changzhi	爸爸, 爹
	Linhe	父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
	Jining	爸爸, 大
	Hohhot	父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
	Erenhot	父親, 爸爸, 大
	Pingshan	爹
	Zhangjiakou	父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 大
	Handan	父親, 爹
	Linzhou	爹
	Suide	爸爸, 老子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	爸爸, 爺爺 dated, 爹 <>
Min Dong	Fuzhou	依爹, 依爸, 依爺 dated, 郎爸 <>
	Fuqing	爸, 爸爸, 官, 阿伯, 阿哥, 阿叔
	Matsu	依爹
	Singapore (Fuqing)	爸爸
Min Nan	Xiamen	阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	老爸 <>, 俺爸
	Quanzhou	阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>
	Zhangzhou	阿爸, 阿官, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
	Pinghe	娘爸 <>
	Zhao'an	爸, 老大 <>, 老爸 <>
	Taipei	爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	老歲仔, 老的, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	Kaohsiung	爸爸, 阿丈, 阿爸, 阿將, 老爸 <>
	Yilan	阿丈, 阿叔, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿府, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	Taichung	爸爸, 老爸 <>
	Tainan	多桑, 爸爸, 阿叔, 阿爸, 俺二仔, 俺爹, 俺爸, 老爸 <>
	Hsinchu	阿爹, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
	Kinmen	俺爹, 俺爸
	Penghu (Magong)	阿爸, 爹, 二仔, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 老爸 <>, 爹 <>, 老的 <>
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	Manila (Hokkien)	爸爸, 爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
	Chaozhou	阿爸, 阿爹, 阿父 <>, 父 <>
	Shantou	阿爸, 阿父 <>, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
	Shantou (Chenghai)	阿爸, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
	Jieyang	阿爸, 阿父, 阿爹
	Haifeng	爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 父, 爹
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿爸, 爸爸, 阿父 <>, 爸 <>
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿父, 父 <>
	Leizhou	爸, 兄 dated, 阿 dated, 尼父 <>, 父 <>, 尼阿 <>, dated
	Haikou	阿爹, 阿兄, 阿官, 阿爸, 爸 <>
Puxian Min	Putian	阿爸, 郎爸 <>
Puxian Min	Xianyou	郎爸 <>
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	爹, 老子 <>
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爸, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated, 老子 <>
Wu	Shanghai	爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爹爹, 阿爹 uncommon, 爺, 爺爺
	Suzhou	爹爹
	Danyang	爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
	Hangzhou	爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子 <>
	Ningbo	阿伯, 爸爸, 爹 <>, 阿爹 <>, 老頭子
	Wenzhou	阿爸, 阿伯, 阿大
	Jinhua	伯伯, 爹爹, 爸爸
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	伯
Xiang	Changsha	爹爹, 爺爺, 爺, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>
	Loudi	爹爹, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 老人家 <>
	Shuangfeng	爹爹, 爺
Note	<> - non-face-to-face

Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“father (non-face-to-face)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		父, 爺, 嚴 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		父親
Mandarin	Beijing	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Taiwan	爸爸, 爸
	Tianjin	爸爸
	Harbin	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Shenyang	爸爸
	Yantai (Muping)	爹, 爸爸
	Jinan	爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui
	Luoyang	爹, 爸爸
	Wanrong	爸, 爹
	Xi'an	爸, 達 Hui
	Yinchuan	爹, 爸爸
	Lanzhou	爹, 爸爸, 老子, 老爹
	Xining	阿達, 達達, 爹
	Ürümqi	爸爸, 先人, 老爹, 達, 達當子
	Yanqi	老爹
	Wuhan	爸爸, 老子, 老頭, 爹 dated, 伯伯 dated, 點頭磕 dated, 父老二 dated, casual, 八叉 dated, slang
	Chengdu	爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒, 老把子, 老漢兒
	Guiyang	爸爸, 老爹, 老者, 老者者
	Kunming	爸爸
	Liuzhou	老爹, 爹老, 爺老, 老頭子
	Xuzhou	答答, 爸爸, 老頭兒, 老頭子
	Yangzhou	爸爸, 爹爹, 老子
	Nanjing	爹, 爸爸, 伯伯
	Hefei	伯伯
	Nantong	爺
	Singapore	爸爸, 老爸
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	爸, 爹, 爺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	老豆, 爸爸, 阿爸, 伯爺
	Hong Kong	老豆, 爸爸, 阿爸, 爹哋, 伯爺, 花打
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	阿爸, 爸
	Macau	老豆
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	老豆
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	老豆
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	老豆
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	老豆
	Foshan	老豆
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	老豆
	Foshan (Shunde)	老豆
	Foshan (Sanshui)	老豆, 伯爺 dated
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	老豆
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	老子, 老豆
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	老豆
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	老豆
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	老豆
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	老豆
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	老豆
	Taishan	老豆
	Kaiping (Chikan)	老豆
	Enping (Niujiang)	老豆
	Heshan (Yayao)	老豆
	Dongguan	老豆, 阿爸, 老子, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	老豆
	Yangjiang	阿爹
	Nanning	爸, 老豆, 老嘢
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	俺老子, 老豆
	Hepu (Shatian)	俺公
	Beihai	老豆
	Beihai (Nankang)	老豆
	Beihai (Yingpan)	老豆, 阿爸
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	老豆
	Singapore (Guangfu)	老豆, 阿爸
Gan	Nanchang	爸爸, 老子, 爺老子
	Lichuan	爺, 家父
	Pingxiang	爺老子
Hakka	Meixian	阿爸, 爺仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	老豆
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿爸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿爸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	爺子
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿爸
	Conghua (Lütian)	父親
	Yudu	爺老
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿爸, 爺仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿爸, 爺仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿爸, 爺仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿爸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿爸, 爺仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿怙, 阿爺
Huizhou	Jixi	老子
Jin	Taiyuan	老子, 大大, 大, 爹
Min Bei	Jian'ou	爹
Min Dong	Fuzhou	郎爸
Min Nan	Xiamen	老爸, 娘爸 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	老爸
	Quanzhou	老爸
	Zhangzhou	老爸, 娘爸 dated
	Pinghe	娘爸
	Zhao'an	老爸
	Taipei	老爸
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	老爸, 阿爸
	Kaohsiung	老爸
	Yilan	老爸
	Changhua (Lukang)	老爸
	Taichung	老爸, 爸爸
	Tainan	老爸, 俺爸
	Hsinchu	老爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
	Kinmen	俺爹
	Penghu (Magong)	老爸
	Penang (Hokkien)	老爸, 阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 爹, 老的
	Singapore (Hokkien)	老爸
	Manila (Hokkien)	老爸
	Chaozhou	阿父, 父
	Shantou	阿父, 父, 大人 honorific
	Shantou (Chenghai)	父, 大人 honorific
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿父, 爸
	Singapore (Teochew)	父, 阿父
	Leizhou	尼父, 父, 尼阿 dated
	Haikou	爸
Puxian Min	Putian	郎爸
Puxian Min	Xianyou	郎爸
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爸, 老子, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	父親, 叔
Wu	Shanghai	爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爺, 爺爺
	Suzhou	爺
	Danyang	爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
	Hangzhou	爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子
	Ningbo	爹, 阿爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老頭子
	Wenzhou	阿爸, 阿伯
	Jinhua	爺
Xiang	Changsha	爺老倌, 爺老子, 爹爹, 爺爺, 爺
	Loudi	爹爹, 爺老倌, 爺老子, 爺, 老人家
	Shuangfeng	爹爹

Compounds

Derived terms from 嚴

不惡而嚴／不恶而严
保不嚴／保不严
先嚴／先严
卞嚴子／卞严子
嘴嚴／嘴严 (zuǐyán)
嚴世蕃／严世蕃
嚴光／严光
嚴冬／严冬 (yándōng)
嚴切／严切
嚴刑／严刑 (yánxíng)
嚴刑峻法／严刑峻法 (yánxíngjùnfǎ)
嚴制／严制
嚴刻／严刻 (yánkè)
嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
嚴可均／严可均
嚴君／严君
嚴命／严命
嚴妝／严妆
嚴守／严守 (yánshǒu)
嚴家墩／严家墩 (Yánjiādūn)
嚴家淦／严家淦
嚴密／严密 (yánmì)
嚴寒／严寒 (yánhán)
嚴實／严实 (yánshi)
嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
嚴嵩／严嵩
嚴師／严师 (yánshī)
嚴店／严店 (Yándiàn)
嚴復／严复
嚴忌／严忌
嚴惡／严恶
嚴懲／严惩 (yánchéng)
嚴懲不貸／严惩不贷 (yánchéngbùdài)
嚴振／严振
嚴控／严控 (yánkòng)
嚴整／严整 (yánzhěng)
嚴斥／严斥
嚴於律己／严于律己

嚴明／严明 (yánmíng)
嚴更／严更
嚴查／严查 (yánchá)
嚴格／严格 (yángé)
嚴棘／严棘
嚴橋／严桥 (Yánqiáo)
嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
嚴殺／严杀
嚴毅／严毅
嚴氣正性／严气正性
嚴父／严父
嚴禁／严禁 (yánjìn)
嚴絲合縫／严丝合缝 (yánsīhéfèng)
嚴緊／严紧 (yánjǐn)
嚴羽／严羽
嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
嚴苛／严苛 (yánkē)
嚴處／严处 (yánchǔ)
嚴裝／严装 (yánzhuāng)
嚴親／严亲
嚴詞／严词 (yáncí)
嚴詞厲色／严词厉色
嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
嚴辦／严办 (yánbàn)
嚴遵／严遵
嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
嚴重／严重 (yánzhòng)
嚴防／严防 (yánfáng)
嚴陣以待／严阵以待 (yánzhènyǐdài)
嚴霜／严霜
嚴靚／严靓
嚴駕／严驾
嚴麗／严丽
嚴鼓／严鼓
壁壘森嚴／壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán)
夜嚴／夜严
妻管嚴／妻管严 (qīguǎnyán)
威嚴／威严 (wēiyán)

家嚴／家严 (jiāyán)
寶相莊嚴／宝相庄严
尊嚴／尊严 (zūnyán)
尊嚴死／尊严死
師嚴道尊／师严道尊
師道尊嚴／师道尊严 (shīdàozūnyán)
從嚴／从严 (cóngyán)
恭肅嚴整／恭肃严整
態度嚴肅／态度严肃
戒嚴／戒严 (jièyán)
戒嚴令／戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
戒嚴法／戒严法
打嚴嵩／打严嵩
森嚴／森严 (sēnyán)
楞嚴經／楞严经
法度嚴明／法度严明
父嚴子孝／父严子孝
盛飾嚴裝／盛饰严装
端嚴／端严
綦嚴／綦严 (qíyán)
緊嚴／紧严
義正詞嚴／义正词严 (yìzhèngcíyán)
義正辭嚴／义正辞严
苛嚴／苛严
莊嚴／庄严 (zhuāngyán)
華嚴五祖／华严五祖
華嚴宗／华严宗
華嚴經／华严经
號令森嚴／号令森严
解嚴／解严 (jiěyán)
詞嚴義密／词严义密
詞嚴義正／词严义正
謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
警備森嚴／警备森严
賞罰嚴明／赏罚严明
辭嚴氣正／辞严气正
辭嚴義正／辞严义正
門禁森嚴／门禁森严

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (嚴):

→ Japanese: 厳(ごん) (gon); 厳(げん) (gen)
→ Korean: 엄(嚴) (eom)
→ Vietnamese: nghiêm (嚴)

References

“Entry #12982”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai	厳
Kyūjitai	嚴

Kanji

嚴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厳)

Kyūjitai form of 厳 (strictness, severity, rigidity)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごん (gon, historical)}^{←ごむ (gomu, ancient)}
Kan-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)}^{←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
Kun: きびしい (kibishii, 嚴しい); おごそか (ogosoka, 嚴か)

Korean

Hanja

嚴 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

strict, rigorous, rigid
stern

Vietnamese

Han character

嚴: Hán Nôm readings: nghiêm, ngàm

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