嚇

See also: 吓

嚇	U+5687, 嚇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5687

← 嚆
[U+5686]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嚈 →
[U+5688]

Translingual

Han character

嚇 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 口土金金 (RGCC), four-corner 6403₁, composition ⿰口赫 or ⿰哧赤)

References

KangXi: page 211, character 37

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4459

Dae Jaweon: page 434, character 29

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 695, character 10

Unihan data for U+5687

Chinese

trad.		嚇
simp.		吓^*
alternative forms		哧𠵢𠁗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
浾	*sqraː
嚇	qʰraːɡs, qʰraːɡ
赦	*hljaɡs
郝	qʰljaɡ, kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
赫	*qʰraːɡ
爀	*qʰraːɡ
赤	*kʰljaɡ
烾	*kʰljaɡ
螫	*qʰjaːɡ
赥	*qʰleːɡ
捇	*qʰʷreːɡ
焃	*qʰʷreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xià, hè (xia⁴, he⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ, ㄏㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haak³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hag⁵
Min Bei (KCR): hiă
Min Dong (BUC): hiáh / háik
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hà / hiak / hek / heh / heeh / hiahⁿ / hat / hehⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): hêh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): haq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xià
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sià
  - Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
  - Yale: syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
  - Palladius: ся (sja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/

Note:

xià - vernacular;
hè - literary (stronger connotation of “to intimidate” than “to scare”).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haak³
  - Yale: haak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hak̚¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xia²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiáh / háik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɑʔ²⁴/, /haiʔ²⁴/

Note:

hiáh - vernacular;
háik - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hà
  - Tâi-lô: hà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ha²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiak
  - Tâi-lô: hiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek
  - Tâi-lô: hik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heh
  - Tâi-lô: heh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /heʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /heʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heeh
  - Tâi-lô: heeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiãʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiãʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hat
  - Tâi-lô: hat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: had
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hehⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hennh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hveq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hẽʔ³²/

Note:

hà/hiak/hek - literary;
heh/heeh/hehⁿ/hiahⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: haq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha̱ʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /hˠa^H/, /hˠæk̚/

Rime
Character	嚇	嚇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	庚 (113)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	呼訝切	呼格切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠa^H/	/hˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚa^H/	/hᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xa^H/	/xak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨ^H/	/haɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xa^H/	/xɐk̚/
Wang Li	/xa^H/	/xɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xa^H/	/xɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xià	he
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa³	hak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤ<r>ak/, /*qʰˤ<r>ak-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡs/, /*qʰraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚇	嚇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè	xià
Middle Chinese	‹ xæk ›	‹ xæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁ<r>ak/	/*qʰˁ<r>ak-s/
English	frighten	frighten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚇	嚇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1471	1475
Phonetic component	赤	赤
Rime group	暮	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	嚇	赫
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːɡs/	/*qʰraːɡ/
Notes		見莊子

Definitions

嚇

(transitive) to frighten; to scare
驚嚇／惊吓 ― jīngxià ― to frighten
嚇死寶寶了！／吓死宝宝了！ ― Xià sǐ bǎobao le! ― (You) scared me! [Internet slang, usually by females]
我被這情景嚇到了。 [MSC, trad.]
我被这情景吓到了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ bèi zhè qíngjǐng xià dào le. [Pinyin]
I was frightened by the sight.
她咳嗽的聲音很大，嚇了我一跳。 [MSC, trad.]
她咳嗽的声音很大，吓了我一跳。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā késòu de shēngyīn hěn dà, xià le wǒ yī tiào. [Pinyin]
Her huge cough startled me.
(intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened
(literary, or in compounds) to threaten; to intimidate
恫嚇／恫吓 ― dònghè ― to intimidate
- 今子欲以子之梁國而嚇我邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今子欲以子之梁国而吓我邪？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Jīn zǐ yù yǐ zǐ zhī Liáng Guó ér hè wǒ xié? [Pinyin]
  Do you wish now, in your possession of the kingdom of Liang, to frighten me with a similar scream?' (transl. James Legge)

Synonyms

(to be afraid):

edit

害怕 (hàipà)
怕 (pà)
深怕 (shēnpà)

生怕 (shēngpà)
生畏 (shēngwèi) (literary)
畏怯 (wèiqiè)

恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
懼怕／惧怕 (jùpà)
畏懼／畏惧 (wèijù)

Compounds

Derived terms from 嚇

哄嚇騙詐／哄吓骗诈
嚇一跳／吓一跳 (xiàyītiào)
嚇人／吓人 (xiàrén)
嚇住／吓住
嚇呆／吓呆 (xiàdāi)
嚇唬／吓唬 (xiàhu)
嚇壞／吓坏 (xiàhuài)
嚇怕／吓怕
嚇昏／吓昏
嚇死／吓死 (xiàsǐ)

嚇殺／吓杀 (xiàshā)
嚇殺人／吓杀人
嚇殺人香／吓杀人香 (xiàshārénxiāng)
嚇眉唬眼／吓眉唬眼
嚇詐／吓诈
嚇跑／吓跑
嚇阻／吓阻 (hèzǔ)
威嚇／威吓 (wēihè)
恐嚇／恐吓 (kǒnghè)

恫嚇／恫吓 (dònghè)
瞞神嚇鬼／瞒神吓鬼
虎嚇／虎吓
虛聲恫嚇／虚声恫吓
諕嚇／𬤀吓
鎮嚇／镇吓
震嚇／震吓
驚嚇／惊吓 (jīngxià)
鴟嚇／鸱吓

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haak¹
Min Nan (POJ): hiak / hek / hiahⁿ / heh

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haak¹
  - Yale: hāak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: hag¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiak
  - Tâi-lô: hiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek
  - Tâi-lô: hik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiãʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiãʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heh
  - Tâi-lô: heh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /heʔ³²/

Note:

hiak/hek - literary;
hiahⁿ/heh - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: /hˠæk̚/

Rime
Character	嚇
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	庚 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呼格切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xɐk̚/
Wang Li	/xɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	he
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤ<r>ak/
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚇
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè
Middle Chinese	‹ xæk ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁ<r>ak/
English	frighten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚇
Reading #	2/2
No.	1475
Phonetic component	赤
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	赫
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːɡ/
Notes	見莊子

Definitions

嚇

Used to express disapproval or resentment: tut-tut; humph
嚇，豈有此理！／吓，岂有此理！ ― Hè, qǐyǒucǐlǐ! ― Tut-tut! Absurd!
- 於是鴟得腐鼠，鵷鶵過之，仰而視之曰：「嚇！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  于是鸱得腐鼠，鹓𬸅过之，仰而视之曰：“吓！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Yúshì chī dé fǔ shǔ, yuānchú guò zhī, yǎng ér shì zhī yuē: “Hè!” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 嚇，什麼都瞞不過我。 [MSC, trad.]
  吓，什么都瞒不过我。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1921 January, Lu Xun, 《故鄉》
  Hè, shénme dōu mán bù guò wǒ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Used to express astonishment.
嚇，這是怎麽搞的！／吓，这是怎么搞的！ ― Hè, zhè shì zěnme gǎo de! ― Damn! How has this happened?
- 嚇，你看，這多麽好打算？ [MSC, trad.]
  吓，你看，这多么好打算？ [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1924, Lu Xun, 《祝福》
  Hè, nǐ kàn, zhè duōme hǎo dǎsuàn? [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Compounds

Derived terms from 嚇

嚇嚇／吓吓

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00706
“嚇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

嚇

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: きゃく (kyaku)
Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
Kun: おどす (odosu, 嚇す); おどし (odoshi, 嚇し)

Korean

Hanja

嚇 • (ha, hyeok) (hangeul 하, 혁, revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

嚇: Hán Nôm readings: hách, hạ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.