器
See also: 噐 and 𠾖
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Translingual
| Japanese | 器 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 器 |
| Traditional | 器 |
Alternative forms
- In all regions except Japan, the middle component is written 犬, which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
- In Japanese shinjitai, the middle component is written 大 instead of 犬 (the upper right dot is missing). Due to Han unification, both forms are encoded using the same code point. This character may appear to be different depending on the font used.
- A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at
U+FA38for the kyūjitai form of 器 which has 犬 as the middle component. - Another character, 𠾖 (
U+20F96) exists for the historical form found in the Ming dynasty 《直音篇》 Chinese dictionary which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.
Han character
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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器 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+13 in Chinese and Korean, 口+12 in Japanese, 16 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口口戈大口 (RRIKR), four-corner 66663, composition ⿱哭吅(GHTKV) or ⿳吅大吅(J))
Derived characters
- 𮣦, 𢻪, 𣀬, 𥀴, 𤼅, 𥷇, 𩆮, 𬑀
References
- KangXi: page 210, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4349
- Dae Jaweon: page 432, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 690, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5668
- Unihan data for U+FA38
Chinese
| trad. | 器 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 器 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𫩏 | |
| alternative forms | 噐 𡄛 𦈯 𠾖 ⿳吅一吅 噐 𡄛 𦈯 𠾖 ⿳吅一吅 ⿳吅大𫩏 ⿳𫩏大吅 ⿳吅亠吅 ⿳吅二吅 ⿻㗊十 ⿳吅太吅 ⿳吅夭吅 ⿱吅缶 ⿱吅𦈢 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 器 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Uncertain.
Possibly an ideogrammic compound (會意) : a 犬 (“dog”) guarding four 口 (“vessel”) – containers, or a phonetically borrowed character for the modern meanings with the original meaning being “to bark” (Compare 狺).
Pronunciation
Definitions
器
- device; tool; utensil; ware
- 器具 ― qìjù ― utensil
- 子曰：「君子不器。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ bù qì.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said: "The gentleman is not a utensil."
子曰：“君子不器。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 子貢問為仁。子曰：「工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之賢者，友其士之仁者。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐ Gòng wèn wèirén. Zǐyuē: “Gōng yù shàn qí shì, bì xiān lì qí qì. Jū shì bāng yě, shì qí dàfū zhī xián zhě, yǒu qí shì zhī rén zhě.” [Pinyin]
- Zi Gong asked about the practice of virtue. The Master said, "The artisan, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools. When you are living in any state, take service with the most worthy among its great officers, and make friends of the most virtuous among its scholars."
子贡问为仁。子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之贤者，友其士之仁者。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (medicine, biology) organ
- 器官 ― qìguān ― organ
- capacity; tolerance
- 器量 ― qìliàng ― tolerance
- 子曰：「管仲之器小哉！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Guǎn Zhòng zhī qì xiǎo zāi!” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Small indeed was the capacity / tolerance of Guan Zhong!"
子曰：“管仲之器小哉！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- talent; ability
- 大器晚成 ― dàqìwǎnchéng ― [idiom] A great talent takes time to mature.
- 子曰：「君子易事而難說也：說之不以道，不說也；及其使人也，器之。小人難事而易說也：說之雖不以道，說也；及其使人也，求備焉。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ yì shì ér nán yuè yě: yuè zhī bù yǐ dào, bù yuè yě; jí qí shǐ rén yě, qì zhī. Xiǎorén nán shì ér yì yuè yě: yuè zhī suī bù yǐ dào, yuè yě; jí qí shǐ rén yě, qiú bèi yān.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "The superior man is easy to serve and difficult to please. If you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with right, he will not be pleased. But in his employment of men, he uses them according to their capacity / ability. The mean man is difficult to serve, and easy to please. If you try to please him, though it be in a way which is not accordant with right, he may be pleased. But in his employment of men, he wishes them to be equally competent to everything."
子曰：“君子易事而难说也：说之不以道，不说也；及其使人也，器之。小人难事而易说也：说之虽不以道，说也；及其使人也，求备焉。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to think highly of
- 器重 ― qìzhòng ― to regard highly
- 朝廷器之。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Cháotíng qì zhī. [Pinyin]
- The Court thought highly of him.
Synonyms
- (device):
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- (organ): 器官 (qìguān)
- (to think highly of):
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Synonyms of 器
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Compounds
Derived terms from 器
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (器):
- → Japanese: 器 (ki)
- → Korean: 기(器) (gi)
Others:
- Korean: 그릇 (geureut, “receptacle; bowl; capacity; tolerance”) (Pan, 2006)
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00696
- “器”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 器 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] | 器 器or 器+ ︀? | |
| 器󠄁 器+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 器󠄃 器+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Ryakuji for 器.
Kanji
器
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 器)
Readings
- Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: うつわ (utsuwa, 器, Jōyō)←うつは (utufa, historical)
- Nanori: かた (kata)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 器 |
| き Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 器 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 器 (khijH, “vessel; instrument”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʲi]
- When used as a suffix, the resulting term has a downstep either right before, or one mora before, the ki.
- If the preceding syllable has only one mora (as in ga or tsu), the downstep occurs just after that mora:
- 瓦器 (“unglazed earthenware”): がき [gáꜜkì]
- 空気予熱器 (kūki yonetsuki, “air pre-heater”): くうきよねつき [kùúkí yónétsúꜜkì]
- If the preceding syllable has two morae (as in zen or tei), the downstep occurs between the two morae:
- 安全器 (anzenki, “safety cut-out”): あんぜんき [àńzéꜜǹkì]
- 円弧測定器 (enko sokuteiki, “cyclometer”): えんこそくていき [èńkó sókútéꜜèkì]
Affix
器 • (ki)
- device; instrument
- container; vessel
Usage notes
Often used interchangeably with 機 (ki) in compounds to indicate “machine”, with the subtlety that 器 implies a smaller device, perhaps hand-held, while 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane. Compare 食器 (shokki, “tableware”) and 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”), or homophones 機械 (kikai, “machine”, generally larger) and 器械 (kikai, “machine, tool”, generally smaller).
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 器械 (kikai): device, machine (generally smaller)
- 食器 (shokki): tableware
- 茶器 (chaki): teaware
- 茗器 (meiki): teaware
Suffix
器 • (-ki)
- device; instrument
Usage notes
Can attach to various nouns that can be used as verbs, to indicate a device for carrying out the action. Examples:
- 計量 (keiryō, “measurement, measuring, gauging”) + 器 (-ki) = 計量器 (keiryōki, “a measuring device, a gauge”)
- 尿 (nyō, “urine”) + 器 (-ki) = 尿器 (nyōki, “urinal”)
- 印字 (inji, “print, type”, literally “stamp + character”) + 器 (-ki) = 印字器 (injiki, “a printer”, a smaller device, such as a handheld number and letter puncher)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 計量器 (keiryōki): a measuring device, a gauge
- 尿器 (nyōki): a urinal
- 印字器 (injiki): a printer (a smaller device, such as a handheld number and letter puncher)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 器 |
| うつわ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 器 (kyūjitai) |
/ut͡supa/ → /ut͡suɸa/ → /ut͡suwa/
From Old Japanese.[2] Cognate with 空 (utsuo, ancient utsupo, utsubo), signifying a hollowness. Appears to be a compound of 空, 内 (utsu, “hollow”, combining form, standalone form uchi, “inside”) + は (ha). The derivation of this ha element is unclear.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) うつわ [ùtsúwá] (Heiban – [0])[3]
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɰᵝa̠]
Noun
器 • (utsuwa) ←うつは (utufa)?
- container, vessel
- a tool, a utensil
- one's degree of ability: talent, calibre
- 会長の器ではない
- kaichō no utsuwa de wa nai
- not president material
- 会長の器ではない
- female genitalia: a vagina
Synonyms
Synonyms
- (container): 入れ物 (iremono), 容器 (yōki)
- (utensil): 器具 (kigu) (smaller; such as in a kitchen)
- (tool): 道具 (dōgu) (bigger; overtones of equipment, such as in a garage)
- (ability): 器量 (kiryō)
- (vagina): 膣 (chitsu, clinical), 女陰 (join, formal), まんこ (manko, slang, crude), あそこ (asoko, slang, euphemistic)
Derived terms
- 器物 (utsuwamono): a container; ability, talent; a musical instrument
References
- “器”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 器 (MC kʰˠiɪH).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ki]
- Phonetic hangul: [기]
Hanja
Wikisource器 (eumhun 그릇 기 (geureut gi))
- Hanja form? of 기 (“device; instrument”).
- Hanja form? of 기 (“container; vessel”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 무기 (武器, mugi)
- 제기 (祭器, jegi)
- 기구 (器具, gigu)
- 기관 (器官, gigwan)
- 흉기 (凶器, hyunggi)
- 장기 (臟器, janggi)
- 다기 (茶器, dagi)
- 기기 (機器, gigi)
- 기량 (器量, giryang)
- 병기 (兵器, byeonggi)
- 총기 (銃器, chonggi)
- 용기 (容器, yonggi)
- 집기 (什器, jipgi)
- 옹기 (甕器, onggi)
- 사기 (沙器, sagi)
- 악기 (樂器, akgi)
- 토기 (土器, togi)
- 둔기 (鈍器, dun'gi)
- 와기 (瓦器, wagi)
- 기악 (器樂, giak)
- 도기 (陶器, dogi)
- 자기 (瓷器, jagi)
- 칠기 (漆器, chilgi)
- 계기 (計器, gyegi)
- 변기 (便器, byeon'gi)
- 석기 (石器, seokgi)
- 성기 (性器, seonggi)
- 목기 (木器, mokgi)
- 식기 (食器, sikgi, “tableware”)
- 기계 (器械, gigye, “instrument”)
- 도자기 (陶瓷器, dojagi)
- 생식기 (生殖器, saengsikgi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
器: Hán Nôm readings: khí
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nom Foundation