嘆息

嘆息

See also: 叹息

Chinese

		to sigh	rest; news; interest rest; news; interest; breath
trad. (嘆息/歎息)		嘆/歎	息
simp. (叹息)		叹	息

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tànxī, tànxí

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧ, ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³ sik¹
• Min Nan (POJ): thàn-sek / thàn-siak / thàn-sit

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tànxī
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tànsi
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴-hsi¹
    • Yale: tàn-syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tannshi
    • Palladius: таньси (tanʹsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 嘆息／叹息 嘆惜／叹惜

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tànxí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tànsí
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴-hsi²
    • Yale: tàn-syí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tannshyi
    • Palladius: таньси (tanʹsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan³ sik¹
    • Yale: taan sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan³ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan³ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³ sɪk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-sek
    • Tâi-lô: thàn-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tarnseg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-siak
    • Tâi-lô: thàn-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tarnsiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɕiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-sit
    • Tâi-lô: thàn-sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tarnsid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ ɕit̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰɑn^H  sɨk̚/

Rime
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他旦切	相即切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑnH/	/sɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑnH/	/sɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑnH/	/siek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰanH/	/sik̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑnH/	/siək̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑnH/	/sĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑnH/	/si̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan3	sik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar-s  sək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns  slɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tàn	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ thanH ›	‹ sik ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar-s/	/*sək/
English	sigh	breathe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	4895	13332
Phonetic component	暵	息
Rime group	元	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	炭	息
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːns/	/*slɯɡ/
Notes		說文自亦聲

Verb

嘆息

1. to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh

Synonyms

edit

咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary) 太息 (tàixī) (literary) 吐氣 (Min Nan)

嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds) 嘆氣／叹气 (tànqì) 打咳聲／打咳声 (Harbin)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (嘆息):

• → Japanese: 嘆息(たんそく) (tansoku)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘆	息
たん Grade: S	そく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
嘆息 (kyūjitai)

Alternative forms

• 歎息

Noun

嘆(たん)息(そく) • (tansoku) 

1. a sigh

Verb

嘆(たん)息(そく)する • (tansoku suru) intransitive suru (stem 嘆(たん)息(そく)し (tansoku shi), past 嘆(たん)息(そく)した (tansoku shita))

1. to sigh

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘆息する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	嘆息し	たんそくし	tansoku shi
Continuative (連用形)	嘆息し	たんそくし	tansoku shi
Terminal (終止形)	嘆息する	たんそくする	tansoku suru
Attributive (連体形)	嘆息する	たんそくする	tansoku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	嘆息すれ	たんそくすれ	tansoku sure
Imperative (命令形)	嘆息せよ¹ 嘆息しろ²	たんそくせよ¹ たんそくしろ²	tansoku seyo¹ tansoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	嘆息される	たんそくされる	tansoku sareru
Causative	嘆息させる 嘆息さす	たんそくさせる たんそくさす	tansoku saseru tansoku sasu
Potential	嘆息できる	たんそくできる	tansoku dekiru
Volitional	嘆息しよう	たんそくしよう	tansoku shiyō
Negative	嘆息しない	たんそくしない	tansoku shinai
Negative continuative	嘆息せず	たんそくせず	tansoku sezu
Formal	嘆息します	たんそくします	tansoku shimasu
Perfective	嘆息した	たんそくした	tansoku shita
Conjunctive	嘆息して	たんそくして	tansoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	嘆息すれば	たんそくすれば	tansoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative