唾

唾

唾 U+553E, 唾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-553E ← 唽 [U+553D] CJK Unified Ideographs 唿 → [U+553F]

Translingual

Han character

唾 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口竹十一 (RHJM), four-corner 6201₄, composition ⿰口垂)

References

• KangXi: page 194, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3785
• Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 641, character 14
• Unihan data for U+553E

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Chinese

trad.		唾
simp. #		唾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 唾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	*tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	*tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	*tol, *tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	*dol, *dols, *du
甀	*dol, *dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰoːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): to⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): to³, toe³, tou³, toe⁵
• Jin (Wiktionary): te³
• Min Nan (POJ): thò / thò͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
    • Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
    • Yale: twò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
    • Palladius: то (to)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰwɔ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: to⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: to
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: to³, toe³, tou³, toe⁵
    • Yale: to, teu, tou, téuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: to³, toe³, tou³, toe⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: to³, tê³, tou³, tê⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔː³³/, /tʰœː³³/, /tʰou̯³³/, /tʰœː¹³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: te³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰxɤ⁴⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò
    • Tâi-lô: thò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toix
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰo¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰo⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘
    • Tâi-lô: thòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tox
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰuɑ^H/

Rime
Character	唾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	湯卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwaH/
Li Rong	/tʰuɑH/
Wang Li	/tʰuɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	to3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	唾
Reading #	1/1
No.	1661
Phonetic component	垂
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	唾
Old Chinese	/*tʰoːls/

Definitions

唾

1. saliva
2. to spit
3. to spit at; to spit with contempt
4. to vomit

Compounds

咳唾 咳唾成珠 咽唾 唾手 唾手可取 唾手可得 (tuòshǒukědé) 唾是命 唾沫 (tuòmo) 唾沫星子 (tuòmo xīngzi) 唾液 (tuòyè) 唾液腺 (tuòyèxiàn)

唾盂 (tuòyú) 唾腺 (tuòxiàn) 唾酒 唾面 拾人涕唾 欬唾成珠 不顧而唾／不顾而唾 乾嚥唾／干咽唾 唾壺／唾壶 (tuòhú) 唾棄／唾弃 (tuòqì)

唾沫直嚥／唾沫直咽 唾津兒／唾津儿 唾罵／唾骂 唾面自乾／唾面自干 唾餘／唾余 嚥唾／咽唾 擊碎唾壺／击碎唾壶 珠璣咳唾／珠玑咳唾 (zhūjīkétuò) 當面唾罵／当面唾骂 饞唾／馋唾

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Japanese

See also 唾する

Kanji

唾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: た (ta)
• Kan-on: た (ta)
• Kan’yō-on: だ (da, Jōyō)
• Kun: つばき (tsubaki, 唾); つば (tsuba, 唾, Jōyō); つ (tsu, 唾)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
唾
つばき Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 唾吐く (tsubaku, “to spit, to expectorate”), itself from 唾 (tsu, “saliva”) + 吐く (haku, “to expel from the mouth: to spit, to vomit, to exhale”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) つばき​ [tsùbákíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝba̠kʲi]

Noun

唾(つばき) • (tsubaki) 

1. spit, saliva

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
唾
つば Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be a shortening of tsubaki above. Alternatively, may be a fusion of tsu below with particle は (wa, originally pa in Old Japanese, combining in some cases as ba).[2]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) つ​ば [tsúꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝba̠]

Noun

唾(つば) • (tsuba) 

1. spit, saliva

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
唾
つ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be the oldest form.[2] Possibly onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

唾(つ) • (tsu) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) spit, saliva

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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Korean

Hanja

唾 (eumhun 침 타 (chim ta))

1. Hanja form^? of 타 (“saliva”).

Compounds

• 타액 (唾液, taaek, “saliva”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

唾: Hán Nôm readings: thóa/thoá

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