咳

咳	U+54B3, 咳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54B3

← 咲
[U+54B2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

咴 →
[U+54B4]

Translingual

Han character

咳 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜女人 (RYVO), four-corner 6008₂, composition ⿰口亥)

References

KangXi: page 187, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3555

Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 622, character 4

Unihan data for U+54B3

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
該	*kɯː
垓	*kɯː
賅	*kɯː
陔	*kɯː
豥	kɯː, ɡɯː
荄	kɯː, krɯː
郂	*kɯː
姟	*kɯː
絯	kɯː, ɡrɯːʔ
晐	*kɯː
峐	*kɯː
侅	kɯː, kʰɯː, ɡɯːʔ, ɡrɯːʔ
胲	*kɯː
頦	kɯːʔ, ɡɯː
奒	*kʰɯː
輆	*kʰɯːʔ
欬	kʰɯːɡs, qraːds
硋	*ŋɡɯːɡs
閡	*ŋɡɯːɡs
咳	qʰɯː, ɡɯː
孩	*ɡɯː
亥	*ɡɯːʔ
劾	ɡɯːɡs, kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎	*krɯː
烗	*kʰrɯːɡs
骸	*ɡrɯː
駭	*ɡrɯːʔ
刻	*kʰɯːɡ
餩	*qɯːɡ
核	ɡuːd, ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		咳
alternative forms		欬

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ké, kài (ke², kai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˊ, ㄎㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kat¹, koi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet / khiat
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kai / ka / kha
(Teochew, Peng'im): hai⁶ / ga¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ké
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ké
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo²
  - Yale: ké
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker
  - Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, obsolete)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kài
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kài
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai⁴
  - Yale: kài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kat¹, koi³
  - Yale: kāt, koi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kat⁷, koi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ked¹, koi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐt̚⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/

Note: koi3 - rare variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
  - Tâi-lô: kai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kay
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
  - Tâi-lô: ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kha
  - Tâi-lô: kha
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰa⁴⁴/

Note:

kai - literary;
ka - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hai⁶ / ga¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi / ka
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai³⁵/, /ka³³/

Note:

hai6 - literary;
ga1 - vernacular.

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤək-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	咳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁək-s/
English	cough
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

咳

to cough
咳到好辛苦 [Cantonese] ― kat¹ dou³ hou² san¹ fu² [Jyutping] ― painfully cough
咳出一口血來／咳出一口血来 ― ké chū yī kǒu xiě lái ― to cough up a mouthful of blood
cough

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		嗽, 欬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咳嗽
Mandarin	Beijing	咳嗽
	Taiwan	咳嗽
	Ulanhot	咳嗽
	Tongliao	咳嗽
	Chifeng	咳嗽
	Bayanhot	咳嗽
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	咳嗽
	Harbin	咳嗽
	Shenyang	咳嗽
	Yantai (Muping)	咳嗽
	Jinan	咳嗽
	Luoyang	咳嗽
	Wanrong	咳嗽
	Zhengzhou	咳嗽
	Xi'an	咳嗽
	Yinchuan	咳嗽
	Lanzhou	咳嗽, 咳
	Xining	咳嗽
	Ürümqi	咳嗽
	Wuhan	咳, 咯
	Huanggang	咳
	Chengdu	咳嗽
	Guiyang	咳嗽
	Kunming	咳嗽
	Liuzhou	咳嗽
	Xuzhou	咳嗽
	Yangzhou	咳, 咳嗽
	Nanjing	咳嗽
	Hefei	咳嗽
	Singapore	咳嗽
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咳
	Hong Kong	咳
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	咳嗽
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	咳嗽
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	咳
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	咳
	Macau	咳
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	咳
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	瘕
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	咳
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	咳
	Foshan	咳
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	咳
	Foshan (Shunde)	咳
	Foshan (Sanshui)	咳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	咳
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	咳
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	咳
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	咳
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	咳
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	咳
	Taishan	嗽
	Kaiping (Chikan)	嗽
	Enping (Niujiang)	咳, 嗽
	Heshan (Yayao)	咳
	Dongguan	咳
	Shaoguan	咳, 咳嗽
	Yunfu	咳瘕
	Yangjiang	嗽, 咳嗽
	Xinyi	咳
	Lianjiang	咳
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咳
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咳嗽
Gan	Nanchang	咳, 咳嗽
Hakka	Meixian	咳嗽
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	咳嗽
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	咳
	Yudu	咳
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	咳, 咳嗽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hong Kong	咳
	Senai (Huiyang)	咳
Huizhou	Jixi	咳嗽, 咳, 嗽
Jin	Taiyuan	咳嗽
	Xinzhou	咳嗽
	Taibus (Baochang)	咳嗽
	Linhe	咳嗽
	Jining	咳嗽
	Hohhot	咳嗽
	Baotou	咳嗽
	Dongsheng	咳嗽
	Haibowan	咳嗽
Min Bei	Jian'ou	咳嗽
Min Dong	Fuzhou	嗽, 空嗽
	Changle	空嗽
	Fuqing	嗽
	Yongtai	空嗽
	Gutian	嗽
	Fu'an	嗽
	Ningde	嗽
	Shouning	嗽
	Zhouning	嗽
	Fuding	嗽
Min Nan	Xiamen	咁嗽, 咳嗽, 嗽
	Quanzhou	咁嗽
	Zhangzhou	咁嗽, 咳嗽
	Yilan	嗽, 咳嗽
	Penang (Hokkien)	嗽, 咳嗽, 峇啅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	咳嗽, 嗽
	Manila (Hokkien)	嗽
	Chaozhou	咳嗽
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	咳嗽
	Singapore (Teochew)	咳嗽
	Leizhou	咳嗽
	Haikou	咳嗽
	Singapore (Hainanese)	咳嗽
Puxian Min	Putian	瘕咆
Puxian Min	Xianyou	瘕咆
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	咳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	咳
Wu	Shanghai	咳嗽
	Shanghai (Chongming)	咳嗽
	Suzhou	咳嗽, 咳
	Wuxi	咳嗽
	Danyang	咳嗽
	Hangzhou	嗆, 咳嗽
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	嗆, 咳嗽
	Ningbo	嗆, 嗽, 咳嗽
	Wenzhou	嗽, 咳嗽
	Jinhua	咳嗽, 咳
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	嗽
Xiang	Changsha	咳嗽, 咳
	Loudi	𠻞
	Shuangfeng	𠻞

Compounds

北京咳
咳唾
咳唾成珠
咳嗽 (késou)
咳水
咳痰 (kétán)
喘咳

止咳 (zhǐké)
止咳水
百日咳 (bǎirìké)
乾咳／干咳 (gānké)
咳嗆／咳呛
咳嗽糖漿／咳嗽糖浆 (késòu tángjiāng)

咳藥水／咳药水
嗆咳／呛咳 (qiàngké)
止咳糖漿／止咳糖浆 (zhǐké tángjiāng)
氣咳／气咳
珠璣咳唾／珠玑咳唾 (zhūjīkétuò)
鎮咳／镇咳

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		咳

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hāi (hai¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haai¹, hei¹
Min Nan (POJ): hai

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hai
  - Wade–Giles: hai¹
  - Yale: hāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hai
  - Palladius: хай (xaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haai¹, hei¹
  - Yale: hāai, hēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haai¹, hei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hai¹, héi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯⁵⁵/, /hei̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hai
  - Tâi-lô: hai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hay
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai⁴⁴/

Definitions

咳

sound of sighing

Compounds

咳歌打戰／咳歌打战
咳聲嘆息／咳声叹息

咳聲打氣／咳声打气

咳聲歎氣／咳声叹气

Pronunciation 3

simp. and trad.		咳

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hái (hai²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hái
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hái
  - Wade–Giles: hai²
  - Yale: hái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hair
  - Palladius: хай (xaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi⁴
  - Yale: hòih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʌi/

Rime
Character	咳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸來切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəj/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀi/
Wang Li	/ɣɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咳
Reading #	2/2
No.	4825
Phonetic component	亥
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孩
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯː/

Definitions

咳

(of infant) to laugh; to cackle
Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”).
interjection for sighing or order
Alternative form of 閡／阂 (hé, “to be cut off from”).

Japanese

Kanji

咳

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: がい (gai); け (ke); げ (ge)
Kan-on: かい (kai)
Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
Kun: せく (seku, 咳く); せき (seki, 咳); しわぶく (shiwabuku, 咳く); しわぶき (shiwabuki, 咳)

Noun

咳(せき) • (seki)

a cough
咳(せき)が出(で)る
seki ga deru
I have a cough.

Korean

Hanja

咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

咳: Hán Nôm readings: cay, hãy, hỡi, khái, gay, gây

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation