含
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Translingual
Han character
含 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓口 (OINR), four-corner 80602, composition ⿱今口)
Derived characters
- 唅, 浛, 娢, 㟏, 㤷, 𡌢, 𤞻, 晗, 焓, 琀, 梒, 𦛜, 𥆡, 蛿, 𤚥, 谽, 誝, 䣻, 𧳘, 鋡, 馠, 㓧, 㼨, 䎏, 頷 (颔), 𮜹, 莟, 㟔, 筨, 𡪁
References
- KangXi: page 178, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3350
- Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 592, character 1
- Unihan data for U+542B
Chinese
| trad. | 含 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 含 | |
| alternative forms | 涵 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 含 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːm) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“to put into mouth; to seize with mouth”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan འགམ་པ ('gam pa, “to put into the mouth”), Proto-Tani *g(j)am (“bite”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm, “to contain; box; letter”) (Schuessler, 2007). 銜 (OC *ɡraːm, “to carry in the mouth; horse's bit”) is probably related. Bodman (1980) considers 頷 (OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.
Pronunciation
Definitions
含
- to hold or keep in the mouth
- 含住支煙／含住支烟 [Cantonese] ― ham4 zyu6 zi1 jin1 [Jyutping] ― to hold a cigarette in the mouth
- 含住個雞包仔 望住四寶雞扎 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 李晉緯 (Lee Chun-wai), lyrics by 謝立文 (Brian Tse), 麥兜與雞
- ham4 zyu6 go3 gai1 baau1 zai2, mong6 zyu6 sei3 bou2 gai1 zaat3 [Jyutping]
- holding a small chicken bun in the mouth, looking at the four-treasure chicken roll
含住个鸡包仔 望住四宝鸡扎 [Cantonese, simp.]
- to bear; to endure
- to contain inside; to comprise; to include
- 含鉛油漆／含铅油漆 ― hánqiān yóuqī ― lead paint
- 眼裡含著淚／眼里含着泪 ― yǎnlǐ hánzhe lèi ― tears in the eyes
- 痰含血 [Hokkien] ― thâm kâⁿ hoeh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― blood in phlegm
- to harbor (emotion); to nurse; to endure; to hold back
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, euphemistic) Short for 含撚. (all senses)
- 今鋪真係含喇！ [Cantonese, trad.]
- gam1 pou1 zan1 hai6 ham4 laa3! [Jyutping]
- We are really screwed this this
今铺真系含喇！ [Cantonese, simp.]- 含恨 ― hánhèn ― to nurse hatred
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to hold in the mouth): 銜／衔 (xián)
Compounds
Derived terms from 含
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Etymology 2
Exoactive or causative of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 憾 (OC *ɡɯːms, “to resent”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
含
- † Original form of 琀 (hán, “gems and pearls stuffed into a corpse's mouth”).
- † to put gems and pearls into a corpse's mouth
Etymology 3
Ultimately from Hebrew חָם.
Pronunciation
Definitions
含
- (biblical) Ham
- 閃含語系／闪含语系 ― Shǎn-Hán yǔxì ― Semito-Hamitic language family
Compounds
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References
- “含”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
含
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- include, contain
Readings
- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)
- Kan’yō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふくむ (fukumu, 含む, Jōyō); ふくめる (fukumeru, 含める, Jōyō)
Korean
Hanja
含 (eumhun 머금을 함 (meogeumeul ham))
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Vietnamese
Han character
含: Hán Nôm readings: hàm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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