否

See also: 咅 and 杏

否	U+5426, 否 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426

← 吥
[U+5425]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吧 →
[U+5427]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 1060₉, composition ⿱不口)

References

KangXi: page 178, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese

simp. and trad.		否
alternative forms		𠲎 Northern Wu 𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肧	pʰlɯː, pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖	*pʰɯːʔ
娝	*prɯʔ
痞	prɯʔ, brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕	*pʰrɯ
伾	*pʰrɯ
秠	pʰrɯ, pʰrɯʔ, pʰɯ, pʰɯʔ
駓	*pʰrɯ
怌	*pʰrɯ
豾	*pʰrɯ
髬	*pʰrɯ
魾	pʰrɯ, brɯ
鉟	pʰrɯ, brɯ
嚭	*pʰrɯʔ
邳	*brɯ
岯	*brɯ
否	brɯʔ, pɯʔ
抔	bɯ, pʰlɯː
不	pɯ, pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑	pɯ, pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀	pɯ, pɯʔ
衃	pʰɯ, pʰlɯː
罘	*bɯ
芣	*bɯ
杯	*plɯː
盃	*plɯː
桮	*pɯː
坯	*pʰɯː
胚	*pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1

See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fǒu (fou³)
(Zhuyin): ㄈㄡˇ
(Chengdu, SP): fo³ / fou³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fau²
(Taishan, Wiktionary): feu²
Gan (Wiktionary): feu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): féu
(Meixian, Guangdong): fêu³
Jin (Wiktionary): fu²
Min Bei (KCR): pě
Min Dong (BUC): pēu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hóⁿ / hó͘ / hió
(Teochew, Peng'im): hou²
Wu (Wiktionary): feu (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): hou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǒu
  - Wade–Giles: fou³
  - Yale: fǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: foou
  - Palladius: фоу (fou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /foʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fo³ / fou³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fo / fou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fo⁵³/, /fəu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fau²
  - Yale: fáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: feo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: feu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /feu⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: feu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: féu
  - Hakka Romanization System: feu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: feu³
  - Sinological IPA: /feu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fêu³
  - Sinological IPA: /feu³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fu⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰe²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hónn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvor
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ̃⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
  - Tâi-lô: hóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hor
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió
  - Tâi-lô: hió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hóu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: feu (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɜ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: hou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 否
Mandarin	Beijing	/fou²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/fau²¹³/ /fou²¹³/
	Tianjin	/fou¹³/
	Jinan	/fɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/fɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/fu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/fu⁵³/
	Xining	/fv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/fu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/fu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fəu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/fo⁵³/ /fəu⁵³/
	Guiyang	/fu⁴²/
	Kunming	/fəu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/fəi²¹²/
	Hefei	/fʊ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fu⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/fu⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/fɤ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/fɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/fei⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/fɜ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/fo³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/fo³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xəu⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/feu³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/feu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/fɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pʰeu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/pʰe²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hõu⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/fɔu²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /pɨu^X/

Rime
Character	否
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw^X/
Li Rong	/piu^X/
Wang Li	/pĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pəʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*pɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	否
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pəʔ/
English	not
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	否
Reading #	2/2
No.	1028
Phonetic component	不
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	缶
Old Chinese	/*pɯʔ/

Definitions

否

nay; no; negative
not
final interrogative particle

Usage notes

否 (fǒu) is the form taken by 不 (bù) when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds

不置可否 (bùzhìkěfǒu)
可否 (kěfǒu)
否否
否定 (fǒudìng)
否定之否定
唯唯否否
是否 (shìfǒu)

未知可否
未置可否
能否 (néngfǒu)
全盤否定／全盘否定 (quánpánfǒudìng)
否則／否则 (fǒuzé)
否決／否决 (fǒujué)
否決權／否决权 (fǒujuéquán)

否認／否认 (fǒurèn)
無可否認／无可否认 (wúkěfǒurèn)
獻可替否／献可替否
獻替可否／献替可否
矢口否認／矢口否认 (shǐkǒufǒurèn)
與否／与否 (yǔfǒu)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pǐ (pi³)
(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phí
Min Dong (BUC): pī
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phí / pháiⁿ / phái
(Teochew, Peng'im): pi² / pai²
Wu (Wiktionary): phi (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pǐ
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi³
  - Yale: pǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pii
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei²
  - Yale: péi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phí
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phí
  - Tâi-lô: phí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: pháinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvae
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰãi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰãi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái
  - Tâi-lô: phái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phae
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰai⁴¹/

Note:

phí - literary;
pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pi² / pai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phí / phái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵²/, /pʰai⁵²/

Note:

pi2 - literary;
pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: phi (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /bˠiɪ^X/

Rime
Character	否
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符鄙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bji^X/
Li Rong	/bji^X/
Wang Li	/bi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*brɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	否
Reading #	1/2
No.	1022
Phonetic component	不
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	否
Old Chinese	/*brɯʔ/

Definitions

否

^† to block; to obstruct
^† to denounce; to censure
^† to become extinct
^† poverty-stricken; poor
^† evil; vile
^† Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”).
^† Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”).
12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

否德 (pǐdé)
否泰
否隔
屯否
屯蹶否塞
晦盲否塞
臧否 (zāngpǐ)

臧否人物
否剝／否剥
否去泰來／否去泰来
否往泰來／否往泰来
否極必泰／否极必泰
否極泰來／否极泰来 (pǐjítàilái)
否極生泰／否极生泰

否滯／否滞
否終而泰／否终而泰
泰來否往／泰来否往
泰極而否／泰极而否
賢否不明／贤否不明
進可替否／进可替否
陟罰臧否／陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ)

References

“否”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

否

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

no
negate

Readings

Go-on: び (bi); ふ (fu)
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō); ふう (fū)
Kun: いな (ina); いなむ (inamu, 否む); いや (iya); あらず (arazu)

Compounds

否(ひ)運(うん) (hiun, “misfortune”)
否(ひ)決(けつ) (hiketsu, “refusal”)
否(ひ)塞(そく) (hisoku)
否(ひ)泰(たい) (hitai)
否(ひ)定(てい) (hitei, “denial”)
否(ひ)認(にん) (hinin, “denial”)
否(いや)応(おう) (iyaō)
拒(きょ)否(ひ) (kyohi, “refusal”)
否(いな)む (inamu, “decline”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
否
いな Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.

【いな】	[interjection] no [noun] nay, no [noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail

(This term, 否, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
否
ひ Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [çi]

Noun

否(ひ) • (hi)

no

Korean

Hanja

否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

Hanja form^? of 부 (“not, no, negative”).

否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

Hanja form^? of 비 (“obstruct, block”).

Vietnamese

Han character

否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Nôm: bí, bĩ, phủ

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999