君主

君主

Chinese

		monarch; lord; gentleman monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler	to own; to host; master to own; to host; master; lord; primary
simp. and trad. (君主)		君	主

Etymology

Attested earliest in Warring States period's works Han Feizi and Huangdi Neijing

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūnzhǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan¹ zyu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûn-chú
• Min Nan (POJ): kun-chú
• Wu (Wiktionary): jyn tsr (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūnzhǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyunjhǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹-chu³
    • Yale: jyūn-jǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunjuu
    • Palladius: цзюньчжу (czjunʹčžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwan¹ zyu²
    • Yale: gwān jyú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwan¹ dzy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: guen¹ ju²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡ʃyː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûn-chú
    • Hakka Romanization System: giun´ zu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giun¹ zu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯un²⁴ t͡su³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun-chú
    • Tâi-lô: kun-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kunzuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jyn tsr (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʏɲ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Noun

君主

1. monarch; sovereign; king; ruler

   《君主論》／《君主论》  ―  “Jūnzhǔ lùn”  ―  The Prince (a political treatise by Niccolò Machiavelli)

   • 群臣之太富，君主之敗也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     群臣之太富，君主之败也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version

     Qúnchén zhī tàifù, jūnzhǔ zhī bài yě. [Pinyin]

     The extraordinary wealth of ministers leads to the downfall of the ruler.

   • 心者，君主之官也，神明出焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Huangdi Neijing, 4^th century BCE to 3^rd century CE

     Xīn zhě, jūnzhǔ zhī guān yě, shénmíng chū yān. [Pinyin]

     The heart is the official [/ organ] that acts as ruler and monarch; spirit brilliance originates in it.

Synonyms

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Synonyms of 君主

人主 (rénzhǔ) (literary) 人君 (rénjūn) (literary) 人王 (rénwáng) 元首 (yuánshǒu) 君上 (jūnshàng) (literary) 君父 (jūnfù) (literary) 君王 (jūnwáng) 天子 (tiānzǐ) (Son of Heaven) 官家 (guānjiā) (archaic)

帝王 (dìwáng) 皇帝 (huángdì) 皇辟 (huángbì) (archaic, Son of Heaven) 乘輿／乘舆 (chéngyú) (literary, figurative) 國君／国君 (guójūn) 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese) 大聖／大圣 (dàshèng) (literary) 大駕／大驾 (dàjià)

Derived terms

君主制 (jūnzhǔzhì) 君主主義／君主主义 (jūnzhǔzhǔyì)

君主國／君主国 (jūnzhǔguó) 君主立憲制／君主立宪制 (jūnzhǔ lìxiànzhì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (君主):

• → Japanese: 君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
• → Korean: 군주(君主) (gunju)
• → Vietnamese: quân chủ (君主)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
君	主
くん Grade: 3	しゅ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) く​んしゅ [kúꜜǹshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

• Homophone: 葷酒

Noun

君(くん)主(しゅ) • (kunshu) 

1. (monarchy) a monarch

Derived terms

• 君(くん)主(しゅ)制(せい) (kunshusei)
• 君(くん)主(しゅ)国(こく) (kunshukoku)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
君	主

Noun

君主 • (gunju) (hangeul 군주)

1. Hanja form^? of 군주 (“monarch”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
君	主

Noun

君主

1. chữ Hán form of quân chủ (“monarch”).

Adjective

君主

1. chữ Hán form of quân chủ (“monarchic”).