向使

向使

Chinese

		direction; part; side direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to	to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger
simp. and trad. (向使)		向	使
variant forms		鄉使／乡使 嚮使／向使

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàngshǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄕˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng³ si²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàngshǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄕˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianqshyy
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng³ si²
    • Yale: heung sí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng³ si²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng³ xi²
    • IPA ^(key): /hœ̽ːŋ³³ siː³⁵/

Conjunction

向使

1. (literary) if

   向使四君卻客而不內，疏士而不用，是使國無富利之實而秦無彊大之名也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   向使四君却客而不内，疏士而不用，是使国无富利之实而秦无强大之名也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE

   Xiàngshǐ sì jūn què kè ér bù nà, shū shì ér bú yòng, shì shǐ guó wú fùlì zhī shí ér qín wú qiáng dà zhī míng yě. [Pinyin]

   If the four monarchs had rejected the guests and did not accept them, and alienated and did not appoint the virtuous and able men, this would have resulted in a lack of wealth in Qin, and Qin would have lacked the reputation of being powerful.

   鄉使聽客之言，不費牛酒，終亡火患。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   乡使听客之言，不费牛酒，终亡火患。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

   Xiàngshǐ tīng kè zhī yán, bù fèi niú jiǔ, zhōng wú huǒhuàn. [Pinyin]

   If you had listened to him, you would not be spending money setting up a feast with beef and wine, and there would not have been a fire.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 如果 (“if”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		若, 如, 使, 假, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		如果, 若果, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 如
Mandarin	Beijing	要是, 要
	Taiwan	要是, 要, 如果
	Jinan	要是
	Xi'an	要是
	Wuhan	要是
	Chengdu	要是
	Yangzhou	要是, 要, 假使
	Hefei	要是, 倘此, 倘倘
Cantonese	Guangzhou	如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間
	Hong Kong	如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間
	Taishan	如果
	Yangjiang	設若
Gan	Nanchang	要是, 若是
Hakka	Meixian	係話, 若係, 如果
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Dongshi (Dabu)	準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係
Jin	Taiyuan	要是
Min Bei	Jian'ou	來是, 如果
Min Dong	Fuzhou	儷是, 若還
Min Nan	Xiamen	設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
	Quanzhou	設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
	Zhangzhou	設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
	Taipei	若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使, 欲
	Penang	若是, 若準
	Philippines (Manila)	若是, 若
	Chaozhou	若是
	Shantou	如果
Wu	Shanghai	要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得
	Suzhou	要, 如果
	Wenzhou	若是, 若
Xiang	Changsha	要是
	Shuangfeng	要是, 要此