向
See also: 冋, 尚, 何, 同, 回, and 嚮
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
向 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月口 (HBR), four-corner 27220, composition ⿱丿冋 or ⿵𰃦口)
Derived characters
- 响, 垧, 姠, 恦, 逈, 𣂝, 晌, 𬂭, 𤈍, 珦, 𥹝, 𥿧, 䖮, 𧧦, 𮚹, 銄, 餉(饷), 𮯄
- 䚁, 𭕜, 扄, 晑, 𥭈, 𰈜, 𠽘, 𤍀, 嚮, 𪢞, 𧥁, 𫝙, 𫷇, 𣹚, 𮣛
References
- KangXi: page 176, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3301
- Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 579, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5411
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 向 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (向) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
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晌 | *hljaŋʔ |
餉 | *hljaŋs |
向 | *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs |
珦 | *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“house”) + 口 (“mouth”), echos in a place. The original form of 響. It was borrowed to represent 𠨍 (嚮) later.
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. | 向 |
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- “for (directed at, intended to belong to)”
- Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 向け (muke).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
向
- to face
- 向陽/向阳 ― xiàngyáng ― to face the sun
- 大門向南/大门向南 ― dàmén xiàng nán ― the entrance faces south
- 相向而行 ― xiàng xiàng ér xíng ― to walk towards each other
- to side with; to favour; to discriminate in favour of
- (literary) to admire; to revere
- (literary) to approach; to advance towards
- 向晚 ― xiàngwǎn ― evening
- direction
- 風向/风向 ― fēngxiàng ― wind direction
- 志向 ― zhìxiàng ― ambitions
- towards; to
- 向東走/向东走 ― xiàng dōng zǒu ― to go east
- 流向大海 ― liú xiàng dàhǎi ― to flow towards the sea
- 向警方報案/向警方报案 ― xiàng jǐngfāng bào'àn ― to report a crime to the post
- 我有些問題想向您請教。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ yǒu xiē wèntí xiǎng xiàng nín qǐngjiào. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
我有些问题想向您请教。 [MSC, simp.]- 大家紛紛把目光投向他。 [MSC, trad.]
- Dàjiā fēnfēn bǎ mùguāng tóu xiàng tā. [Pinyin]
- Everyone cast their gaze towards him.
大家纷纷把目光投向他。 [MSC, simp.]
- (literary) the old days; the past
- always; throughout
- 向有研究 ― xiàng yǒu yánjiū ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- (Taivoan religious concept) sorcery, taboo, and magic
- (chiefly ACG, suffix forming attributive adjectives) for (directed at, intended to belong to)
Compounds
Derived terms from 向
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
向
- An ancient state in modern Shandong
- name of two places in modern Henan
- a surname
- 將軍向寵,性行淑均,曉暢軍事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 諸葛亮 (Zhuge Liang), 《出師表》, 227 CE
- Jiāngjūn Xiàng Chǒng, xìngxíng shū jūn, xiǎochàng jūnshì. [Pinyin]
- General Xiang Chong is a kind and fair-minded man proficient in military matters.
将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 嚮 (“toward; facing; against; etc.”). (This character, 向, is the simplified form of 嚮.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 曏 (“in the near past; in the past; formerly; facing; against; etc.”). (This character, 向, is the simplified form of 曏.) |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
向
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- yonder
- facing
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kun: むかう (mukau, 向かう, Jōyō)←むかふ (mukafu, historical); むく (muku, 向く, Jōyō); むける (mukeru, 向ける, Jōyō); むこう (mukō, 向こう, Jōyō); さきに (sakini, 向に); むかい (mukai, 向かい)←むかひ (mukafi, historical); むき (muki, 向き)
- Nanori: ひさ (hisa); むか (muka); むかう (mukau); むき (muki); むけ (muke); むこう (mukō); しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
Compounds
- 向後 (kyōgo)
- 向後 (kyōkō)
- 向日 (kyōjitsu) (嚮日)
- 向日葵 (kyōjikki)
- 向者 (kyōsha) (嚮者)
- 向前 (kyōzen) (嚮前)
- 向明 (kyōmei) (嚮明)
- 向来 (kyōrai) (嚮来)
- 向学 (kōgaku)
- 向寒 (kōkan)
- 向後 (kōgo)
- 向日 (kōjitsu) (嚮日)
- 向日葵 (kōjikki)
- 向暑 (kōsho)
- 向上 (kōjō)
- 向性 (kōsei)
- 向背 (kōhai) (嚮背)
- 向拝 (gohai)
- 向日葵 (himawari)
- 向三軒両隣 (mukōsangen ryōdonari)
- 意向 (ikō) (意嚮)
- 一向 (ikkō)
- 回向, 廻向 (ekō)
- 外向 (gaikō)
- 葵向 (kikō)
- 傾向 (keikō)
- 下向 (gekō)
- 参向 (sankō)
- 志向 (shikō)
- 指向 (shikō)
- 趣向 (shukō)
- 出向 (shukkō)
- 趨向 (sūkō)
- 性向 (seikō)
- 対向 (taikō)
- 手向 (tamuke)
- 転向 (tenkō)
- 動向 (dōkō)
- 内向 (naikō)
- 発向 (hakkō)
- 日向 (hinata)
- 風向 (fūkō)
- 偏向 (henkō)
- 方向 (hōkō)
- 真っ向 (makkō)
- 影向 (yōgō)
Proper noun
向 • (Mukai) ←むかひ (mukafi)?
- a surname
Korean
Hanja
向 (eumhun 향할 향 (hyanghal hyang))
- Hanja form? of 향 (“facing”).
Hanja
向 (eumhun 성 상 (seong sang))
- Hanja form? of 상 (“a surname.”).
Vietnamese
Han character
向: Hán Nôm readings: hướng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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