吏

See also: 史 and 更

吏	U+540F, 吏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540F

← 后
[U+540E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吐 →
[U+5410]

吏	U+F9DE, 吏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DE

← 利
[U+F9DD]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

履 →
[U+F9DF]

Translingual

Han character

吏 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十中大 (JLK), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻一史 or ⿻丈口)

Derived characters

使, 𠲀, 𦧜, 𧧅, 𪘌, 𫣙, 𣥱, 𣦰, 㤦, 𣆘, 𫊳, 𩂲, 𣳪, 𬃻, 𧀞, 𮃂, 𫣚, 𥒅, 𩰢, 𥥥, 𠦱, 𦪨, 𣬒, 𩢲 (𬳺), 𩣬, 㹬, 𧳅, 𥟹

References

KangXi: page 176, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3299
Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 18, character 3
Unihan data for U+540F
Unihan data for U+F9DE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		吏
alternative forms		叓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
吏	*rɯs
倳	*ʔsrɯs
剚	*ʔsrɯs
事	ʔsrɯs, zrɯs
史	*srɯʔ
使	srɯʔ, srɯs
駛	srɯʔ, srɯs

Etymology

See 理 (lǐ, “envoy, jail official, matchmaker”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁶
Min Dong (BUC): lê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē
(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁶
  - Yale: leih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯²²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛi²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
  - Tâi-lô: lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /li³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /li²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
  - Tâi-lô: lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/

Note:

lī/lē - literary;
lē - vernacular (俗, Xiamen).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɨ^H/

Rime
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力置切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨ^H/
Li Rong	/liə^H/
Wang Li	/lĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*rɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ li^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əʔ-s/
English	officer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
No.	11482
Phonetic component	史
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吏
Old Chinese	/*rɯs/
Notes	史轉註字

Definitions

吏

(historical) government official
(historical) petty official
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 吏

一行作吏
下吏
俗吏 (súlì)
健吏
公吏
六房吏典
典吏
吏士
吏民
吏治 (lìzhì)
吏目
吏胥
吏道
吏部 (Lìbù)
堠吏
墨吏
大吏
委吏
守吏
官吏 (guānlì)
官虎吏狼
家吏
小吏 (xiǎolì)
府小吏
廉吏

循吏 (xúnlì)
排房吏典
掾吏 (yuànlì)
故吏 (gùlì)
朱衣吏
法吏
津吏
爪牙吏
猾吏
甲吏
疆吏
署吏
老吏
胥吏 (xūlì)
能吏
苛吏 (kēlì)
蒙吏
酷吏 (kùlì)
黠吏 (xiálì)
奸胥猾吏
僕吏／仆吏
六房書吏／六房书吏
刀筆吏／刀笔吏
刻木為吏／刻木为吏
削木為吏／削木为吏

吏員／吏员
吏議／吏议
吏讀／吏读 (lìdú)
園吏／园吏
將吏／将吏 (jiànglì)
幹吏／干吏
庫吏／库吏
從吏／从吏
汙吏／污吏
汙吏黠胥／污吏黠胥
濫吏贓官／滥吏赃官
濫官汙吏／滥官污吏
獄吏／狱吏 (yùlì)
甕間吏部／瓮间吏部
純吏／纯吏
計吏／计吏
貪吏／贪吏 (tānlì)
貪吏猾胥／贪吏猾胥
貪官汙吏／贪官污吏
郵吏／邮吏
長吏／长吏 (zhǎnglì)
門吏／门吏 (ménlì)
門生故吏／门生故吏 (ménshēng gùlì)
驛吏／驿吏

Japanese

Kanji

吏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kun: つかさ (tsukasa, 吏)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 吏 (MC lɨ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 리〯 (lǐ) (Yale: li) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource吏 (eumhun 벼슬아치 리 (byeoseurachi ri), South Korea 벼슬아치 이 (byeoseurachi i))

Hanja form^? of 리/이 (“government official”).

Compounds

서리 (胥吏, seori)
이서 (吏胥, iseo)
관리 (官吏, gwalli)
옥리 (獄吏, ongni)
이두 (吏讀, idu)
탐관오리 (貪官汚吏, tamgwanori)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

吏: Hán Nôm readings: lại[1], lưỡi[2]

(only in compound quan lại) chữ Hán form of lại (“government official”).
Nôm form of lại (“again”).

References

Viện Nghiên cứu Hán Nôm.
Hồ (1976).

[Viện_Nghiên_cứu_Hán_Nôm-1] Viện Nghiên cứu Hán Nôm.

[btcn-2] Hồ (1976).