叱

叱

See also: 𠮟 and 𫜸

叱 U+53F1, 叱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F1 ← 台 [U+53F0] CJK Unified Ideographs 史 → [U+53F2]

叱 U+2F83A, 叱 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83A ← 叫 [U+2F839] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 吆 → [U+2F83B]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Note that the right side component of this character (U+53F1) is written 𠤎 and not 匕. In Japan, as of the latest 2010 reform the correct form of the character is 𠮟 (U+20B9F) with 七 as the right side component.

Han character

叱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口心 (RP), four-corner 6401₀, composition ⿰口𠤎)

References

• KangXi: page 173, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3248
• Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 6
• Unihan data for U+53F1
• Unihan data for U+2F83A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		叱
alternative forms		咜 𠮟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 叱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
切	*sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd
砌	*sʰiːds
沏	*sʰiːd
七	*sn̥ʰid
柒	*sn̥ʰid
叱	*n̥ʰjid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chì (chi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹
• Wu (Wiktionary): tsheq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chì
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴
    • Yale: chr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cik¹
    • Yale: chīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: qig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsheq (T4)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰiɪt̚/

Rime
Character	叱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	眞 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌栗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cat1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰjid/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	叱
Reading #	1/1
No.	9912
Phonetic component	七
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	叱
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰjid/

Definitions

叱

1. to scold; to shout at; to bawl out

Compounds

叱叱 叱名 叱吒 (chìzhà) 叱呵 叱喝 叱嗟 叱石成羊

叱退 (chìtuì) 呵叱 (hēchì) 呼叱 大叱 怒叱 (nùchì) 叱吒風雲／叱吒风云 (chìzhà fēngyún) 叱嗟風雲／叱嗟风云

叱罵／叱骂 (chìmà) 叱責／叱责 (chìzé) 叱馭／叱驭 喑嗚叱吒／喑呜叱吒 喑惡叱吒／喑恶叱吒 風雲叱吒／风云叱吒

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Japanese

Alternative forms

• (prescriptively correct) 𠮟
  • 叱 was officially replaced in the 2010 jōyō reform in favor of the etymologically faithful 𠮟 (U+20B9F, restoring 七 as the phonetic component). 叱 remains in common usage.

Kanji

叱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. scold
2. shout
3. reprove

Readings

• Go-on: しち (shichi)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: しかる (shikaru, 叱る, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 叱(しか)る (shikaru): to scold
• 叱(しか)り飛(と)ばす (shikaritobasu): to scold away

Etymology

Kanji in this term
叱
しっ Grade: S (ateji)
irregular

Interjection

叱(しっ) • (shi') 

1. shh
2. shoo

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Korean

Hanja

叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))

1. Hanja form^? of 질 (“scold”).

Compounds

• 질타 (叱咤, jilta, “rebuke”)

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Old Korean

Pronunciation

Conventionally reconstructed as *-s, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Etymology 1

Generally thought to be from an otherwise unattested Old Chinese dialectal pronunciation of the character that began with *s-.

Minority views include that it is a graphic simplification of a different Chinese character, or that it is a gukja invented in Korea with 𠤎 representing the shape of the tongue while pronouncing /s/ and 口 being a radical that denotes a non-standard character.

Phonogram

叱 (*-s)

1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-s

Alternative forms

• 之 (logographic form, in Idu texts)

Particle

叱 (*-s)

1. Genitive case marker, chiefly for inanimate nouns.

Usage notes

In Middle Korean, the genitive case marker ㅅ (Yale: -s) was used for both inanimate nouns and honored animate nouns, while the other genitive marker 의〮 (Yale: -úy) was reserved for non-honored animate nouns.

In the limited Old Korean corpus, 叱 (*-s) appears to be used chiefly for inanimate nouns. Meanwhile, many texts use the genitive 尸 (*-lq), with no evident Middle Korean reflex, for honored nouns such as the Buddha. There is a strong argument that 尸 (*-lq) is an allomorphic variant of 叱 (*-s), representing a phenomenon ancestral to the tensing of the subsequent obstruent that occurred in Middle Korean when ㅅ (-s) occurred between a sonorant and an obstruent. If true, there was no distinction between Old and Middle Korean in the use of the genitive -s.

Unlike the other Old Korean genitive marker 衣 (*-uy), 叱 (*-s) could follow other case markers.

Descendants

• Middle Korean: ㅅ (-s, genitive case marker for inanimate or honored animate nouns)
  • Korean: ㅅ (-s-, interfix)

See also

• 衣 (*-uy) (genitive case marker, often for animate nouns)
• 尸 (*-lq) (genitive case marker, chiefly for honored animate nouns; possibly an allomorph of 叱)

References

• 조은주 (Jo Eun-ju) (2002), “Seokdok gugyeol jaryo-e natanan sokgyeok josa-e daehayeo [On the genitive case markers in interpretive gugyeol texts]”, in Gungmunhak Nonjip, volume 18, pages 61–90
• 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011), “Seokdok gugyeol 'si'-ui munje haegyeor-eul wihayeo [For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
• Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

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Vietnamese

Han character

叱: Hán Nôm readings: sất, sứt, sớt

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