叩

叩

叩 U+53E9, 叩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E9 ← 叨 [U+53E8] CJK Unified Ideographs 只 → [U+53EA]

Translingual

Han character

叩 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中 (RSL), four-corner 6702₀, composition ⿰口卩)

Derived characters

• 命

References

• KangXi: page 172, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3238
• Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 573, character 3
• Unihan data for U+53E9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		叩
alternative forms		敂 扣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (口) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
口	*kʰoːʔ
叩	*kʰoːʔ
扣	*kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs
釦	*kʰoːʔ
筘	*kʰoːs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòu (kou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³
• Min Nan (POJ): khàu / khiò
• Wu (Wiktionary): kheu (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
    • Wade–Giles: kʻou⁴
    • Yale: kòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
    • Palladius: коу (kou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³
    • Yale: kau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu / khiò
    • Tâi-lô: khàu / khiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaux, qioix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/, /kʰio⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰau¹¹/, /kʰio¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰiɤ²¹/

Note: khàu - vernacular, khiò - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kheu (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɜ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰəu^X/

Rime
Character	叩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦后切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwX/
Li Rong	/kʰuX/
Wang Li	/kʰəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ/, /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	叩	叩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒu	kòu
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwX ›	‹ khuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ-s/
English	strike	strike (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	叩
Reading #	1/1
No.	7491
Phonetic component	口
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	口
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːʔ/

Definitions

叩

1. to knock; to strike
2. to kowtow; to bow
3. (literary) to enquire; to ask
4. Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”).
5. a surname

Compounds

三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu) 叩人心弦 叩叩 叩拜 (kòubài) 叩首 (kòushǒu) 以莛叩鐘／以莛叩钟 叩應／叩应 (kòuyìng)

叩見／叩见 叩謝／叩谢 (kòuxiè) 叩門／叩门 (kòumén) 叩閽／叩阍 叩關／叩关 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu) 叩頭蟲／叩头虫 (kòutóuchóng)

叩馬／叩马 叩齒／叩齿 瀝血叩心／沥血叩心 稟叩／禀叩 線上叩應／线上叩应 號天叩地／号天叩地

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1409”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. to knock; to strike

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)^{←く (ku, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
• Kun: たたく (tataku, 叩く)

Compounds

• 叩(こう)解(かい) (kōkai)
• 叩(こう)首(しゅ) (kōshu)
• 叩(こう)打(だ) (kōda)
• 叩(こう)頭(とう) (kōtō)
• 叩(こう)扉(ひ) (kōhi)

 

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Korean

Hanja

叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Miyako

Kanji

叩

Readings

• Kun: たたきぃ (叩きぃ, tataksï)

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Okinawan

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: たたちゅん (tatachun, 叩ちゅん)

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Vietnamese

Han character

叩: Hán Nôm readings: khấu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yaeyama

Kanji

叩

Readings

• Kun: たたぐん (叩ぐん, tatagun)