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单词 古い
释义

古い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ふる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
旧い (uncommon)
故い (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.[1]

In turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, to age, to become older, said of both things and people) + (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix),[2] with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.[1][2]

The modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).

⟨puruki1 → */purukʲi//furui/

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [fùrúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3][4][5]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝi]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "古い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)古くるく
[fúꜜrùkù]
[fùrúꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)古い[fùrúꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)古い[fùrúꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative古くないるくない
くない
[fúꜜrùkùnàì]
[fùrúꜜkùnàì]
Informal past古かったるかった
かった
[fúꜜrùkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past古くなかったるくなかった
くなかった
[fúꜜrùkùnàkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal古いですいです[fùrúꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive古くてるくて
くて
[fúꜜrùkùtè]
[fùrúꜜkùtè]
Conditional古ければるければ
ければ
[fúꜜrùkèrèbà]
[fùrúꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(ふる) (furui) -i (adverbial (ふる) (furuku))

  1. [from 759] (not of a person) old, aged, antiquated
    (わたし)以前(いぜん)(ふる)ロールスロイスを()っていた。
    Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.
    I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.
    (わたし)(ふる)ランプを()った。
    Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.
    I bought an old lamp.

Inflection

Antonyms

  • (あたら)しい (atarashii, new)

Derived terms

  • (ふる)革袋(かわぶくろ)(あたら)しい(さけ)() (furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru, to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles)
  • (あたら)しい(さけ)(ふる)革袋(かわぶくろ)()れる (atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru, to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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