反芻
See also: 反刍
Chinese
wrong side out or up; anti- | surname; cut grass; hay surname; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (反芻) | 反 | 芻 | |
simp. (反刍) | 反 | 刍 | |
alternative forms | 反蒭 |
Pronunciation
Verb
反芻
- to ruminate; to chew the cud
- (figurative) to meditate on; to mull over (past events)
Synonyms
- (to ruminate):
Dialectal synonyms of 反芻 (“to ruminate; to chew the cud”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 反芻, 倒嚼, 倒噍 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 反芻, 倒嚼 |
Wanrong | 倒噍 | |
Xi'an | 倒磨 | |
Yinchuan | 倒磨 | |
Xining | 倒磨 | |
Wuhan | 回嚼 | |
Liuzhou | 反草 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 翻草 |
Hakka | Meixian | 倒胲 |
Huidong (Daling) | 倒草 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 翻肚 | |
Changting | 倒草 | |
Wuping | 倒草 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 倒草 | |
Liancheng | 倒草 | |
Ruijin | 倒草 | |
Shicheng | 倒草 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 倒草 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 倒草 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 倒草 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 倒草 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 倒草 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 倒草 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 翻草 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 倒草 |
Jin | Xinzhou | 倒嚼 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 翻草, 倒噍 |
Zhangzhou | 倒噍 | |
Tainan | 翻草 | |
Wu | Jinhua | 轉嚼 |
Derived terms
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (反芻):
- → Japanese: 反芻 (hansū)
- → Korean: 반추(反芻) (banchu)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
反 | 芻 |
はん Grade: 3 | すう Hyōgaiji |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
反すう |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) はんすう [hàńsúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [hã̠ɰ̃sɨᵝː]
Noun
反芻 • (hansū)
- (of cows, etc...) rumination, regurgitation
- (figurative) meditating on, pondering
Verb
反芻する • (hansū suru) suru (stem 反芻し (hansū shi), past 反芻した (hansū shita))
- to ruminate, to chew the cud
- to meditate on, to think over
- Tatoeba
- 改めて反芻してると、何だか恥ずかしいぞ。
- Aratamete hansū shiteru to, nandaka hazukashī zo.
- Now that I think over it, it's somewhat embarrassing.
- 改めて反芻してると、何だか恥ずかしいぞ。
- Tatoeba
Conjugation
Conjugation of "反芻する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 反芻し | はんすうし | hansū shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 反芻し | はんすうし | hansū shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 反芻する | はんすうする | hansū suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 反芻する | はんすうする | hansū suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 反芻すれ | はんすうすれ | hansū sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 反芻せよ¹ 反芻しろ² | はんすうせよ¹ はんすうしろ² | hansū seyo¹ hansū shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 反芻される | はんすうされる | hansū sareru | |
Causative | 反芻させる 反芻さす | はんすうさせる はんすうさす | hansū saseru hansū sasu | |
Potential | 反芻できる | はんすうできる | hansū dekiru | |
Volitional | 反芻しよう | はんすうしよう | hansū shiyō | |
Negative | 反芻しない | はんすうしない | hansū shinai | |
Negative continuative | 反芻せず | はんすうせず | hansū sezu | |
Formal | 反芻します | はんすうします | hansū shimasu | |
Perfective | 反芻した | はんすうした | hansū shita | |
Conjunctive | 反芻して | はんすうして | hansū shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 反芻すれば | はんすうすれば | hansū sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Derived terms
- 反芻類 (hansūrui)
- 反芻症 (hansūshō)
- 反芻胃 (hansūi)
- 反芻動物 (hansūdōbutsu)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN