去
See also: 丟
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
Han character
去 (Kangxi radical 28, 厶+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition ⿱土厶)
Derived characters
- 却 抾 罢 法
References
- KangXi: page 164, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
- Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
- Unihan data for U+53BB
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 去 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㚎 弆 厺 克 dialectal | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 去 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 佉 | *kʰal |
| 呿 | *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab |
| 抾 | *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab |
| 弆 | *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ |
| 祛 | *kʰa |
| 袪 | *kʰa |
| 阹 | *kʰa |
| 胠 | *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab |
| 魼 | *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb |
| 去 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas |
| 麮 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas |
| 鼁 | *kʰas |
| 砝 | *kaːb, *kab |
| 劫 | *kab, *kab |
| 鉣 | *kab |
| 蜐 | *kab, *kab |
| 怯 | *kʰab |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 大 (“man”) + 口 (“mouth, object”). Top figure simplified to 土, unrelated to 士 (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to 厶. There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, with the idea of “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.
Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of 大 (“big”) and 口 (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 𠙴 ().
In addition, 去 is also the original character of 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The 大 could be a cover on top of an object 口.
Etymology
There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.
This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
去
- to leave; to depart from
- 去世 ― qùshì ― to pass away
- 鳥乃去矣，后稷呱矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niǎo nǎi qù yǐ, Hòujì guā yǐ. [Pinyin]
- When the bird went away, Hou-ji began to wail.
鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 無幾何也，去寡人而行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Wú jǐhé yě, qù guǎrén ér xíng. [Pinyin]
- In a little time, however, he left me and went away.
无几何也，去寡人而行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to go to; to leave for
- 你去哪兒？／你去哪儿？ ― Nǐ qù nǎr? ― Where are you going?
- Antonym: 來／来 (lái)
- (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
- 他到辦公室去請假。 [MSC, trad.]
- Tā dào bàngōngshì qù qǐngjiǎ. [Pinyin]
- He went to the office to ask for leave.
他到办公室去请假。 [MSC, simp.]- 他去釣魚了，而沒去打網球。 [MSC, trad.]
- Tā qù diàoyú le, ér méi qù dǎ wǎngqiú. [Pinyin]
- He went fishing instead of playing tennis.
他去钓鱼了，而没去打网球。 [MSC, simp.]
- (between two verbs) to; in order to
- Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement away from the speaker.
- 下去 ― xiàqù ― to go down [ant. 下來／下来 (xiàlái, “to come down”)]
- 送去 ― sòng qù ― to send away
- to send; to dispatch
- to play (a part, a character); to act
- (euphemistic) to pass away; to die
- last; past
- 去年 ― qùnián ― last year
- 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
- Short for 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
- (literary) to be separated by; to be apart by
- 梁丘在曹邾之間，去齊八百里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Liángqiū zài Cáo Zhū zhījiān, qù Qí bābǎi lǐ. [Pinyin]
- Liangqiu is located between Cao and Zhu, and is 800 lis from Qi.
梁丘在曹邾之间，去齐八百里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
- 我去 ― wǒqù ― what the hell
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 死, 亡, 歿, 卒 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 死, 故去 †, 老 †, ‡, 毛兒提 Hui |
| Taiwan | 死, 過世 † | |
| Harbin | 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 § | |
| Jinan | 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui | |
| Luoyang | 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤ | |
| Wanrong | 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡ | |
| Xi'an | 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui | |
| Yinchuan | 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui | |
| Lanzhou | 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 † | |
| Xining | 歿 | |
| Ürümqi | 死, 過世 †, 不在 † | |
| Wuhan | 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮 | |
| Chengdu | 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈 | |
| Guiyang | 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤ | |
| Liuzhou | 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄 | |
| Yangzhou | 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 § | |
| Nanjing | 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤ | |
| Hefei | 死, 不在 †, 老 † | |
| Singapore | 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 † | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 一 argot |
| Hong Kong | 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 過身 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 過身 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 過身, 死 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 過身 | |
| Macau | 過身, 去 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 過身, 死 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 死 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 過身, 死 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 去歸, 過身 | |
| Foshan | 過身, 死 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 死, 過身 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 過身 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 過身 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 死 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 過身 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 死 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 過身, 死 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 死, 過身 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 過身, 死 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 死, 過身 | |
| Taishan | 死, 善, 去 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 死, 登仙 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 過身, 死 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 死 | |
| Dongguan | 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 § | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 死, 過身 | |
| Yangjiang | 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡ | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 死, 過身 † | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 死, 過世 †, 老 † |
| Lichuan | 死 | |
| Pingxiang | 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 死, 老, 過身 †, 老壽 †, ‡ |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 過身 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 過身, 死 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 死, 過身 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 死 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 死, 過身 | |
| Yudu | 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤ | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 † | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 † | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 † | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 † | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 † | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 死, 過身 † | |
| Hong Kong | 過身, 老 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡ |
| Xinzhou | 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 § |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Quanzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § | |
| Zhangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 § | |
| Taipei | 死去, 老 †, 過身 † | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 † | |
| Kaohsiung | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † | |
| Yilan | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 † | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † | |
| Taichung | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 † | |
| Tainan | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † | |
| Hsinchu | 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † | |
| Kinmen | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 † | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹, 交登記 † | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 † | |
| Chaozhou | 死, 過身 † | |
| Jieyang | 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 死 | |
| Leizhou | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 § | |
| Haikou | 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 § | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 死 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 死 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 § |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤ | |
| Suzhou | 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 § | |
| Danyang | 死 | |
| Hangzhou | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去 | |
| Ningbo | 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 † | |
| Wenzhou | 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤ | |
| Jinhua | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎 |
| Loudi | 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 † | |
| Shuangfeng | 死, 過世 †, 故 † | |
| Note | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful | |
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
去
- to remove; to get rid of
- 去掉 ― qùdiào ― to remove
- 脫去／脱去 ― tuōqù ― to throw off
- 拆去 ― chāiqù ― to remove, to take off
- 去蝦腸／去虾肠 ― qù xiācháng ― to remove the intestines from shrimp
- 牛肉去咗啲腥味之後會好食好多。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ngau4 juk6 heoi3 zo2 di1 seng1 mei6 zi1 hau6 wui5 hou2 sik6 hou2 do1. [Jyutping]
- Beef tastes much better after you get rid of the rankness.
牛肉去咗啲腥味之后会好食好多。 [Cantonese, simp.]- 去頭白蝦／去头白虾 ― qùtóu báixiā ― headless white shrimp
- 去中心化 ― qùzhōngxīnhuà ― decentralization
- 不窋末年，夏后氏政衰，去稷不務，不窋以失其官而犇戎狄之間。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Bùzhú mònián, Xiàhòushì zhèng shuāi, qù jì bù wù, Bùzhú yǐ shī qí guān ér bēn róngdí zhī jiān. [Pinyin]
- In Buzhu's later years, the Xia dynasty's government declined; so he forsook millet (agriculture) and did not serve. Buzhu, therefore, lost his offce and fled to the Rong's and Di's midst.
不窋末年，夏后氏政衰，去稷不务，不窋以失其官而犇戎狄之间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 《基於矩陣補全的自適應去雨雪算法》 [MSC, trad.]
- From: DOI 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2018.10.0854
- “jīyú jǔzhèn bǔquán de zìshìyìng qùyǔxuě suànfǎ” [Pinyin]
- "Adaptive deraining and desnowing algorithm based on matrix completion"
《基于矩阵补全的自适应去雨雪算法》 [MSC, simp.]
- to discard
Pronunciation 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 弆 (“to hoard, to hide away”). (This character, 去, is a variant form of 弆.) |
Pronunciation 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 驅 (“to run quickly; to expel; to disperse; etc.”). (This character, 去, is a variant form of 驅.) |
Compounds
Derived terms from 去
|
|
|
See also
| The tones (of Chinese) in Chinese · 聲調 (layout · text) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平仄 | 平 平聲 | 仄 仄聲 | ||||||||
| 平上去入 四聲 古四聲 | 平 平聲 | 上 上聲 | 去 去聲 | 入 入聲 | ||||||
| 標調方法 標調法 | 四角標調法 | ꜀◌ | ꜂◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜆ | |||||
| [Term?] | ◌〪 | ◌〫 | ◌〬 | ◌〭 | ||||||
| [Term?] | ∅ | ◌〮 | ◌〯 | ∅ | ||||||
| ∅ | -X | -H | -p -t -k (-ʔ) | |||||||
| 四聲八調 | 陰平 | 陽平 | 陰上 | 陽上 | 陰去 | 陽去 | 陰入 | 陽入 | ||
| 陰 | 陽 | |||||||||
| 標調方法 標調法 | 四角標調法 | ꜀◌ | ꜁◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜃◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜅ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜇ | |
| The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Chinese · 聲調 (layout · text) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 四聲 | 陰平 第一聲 | 陽平 第二聲 | 上聲 第三聲 | 去聲 第四聲 | 輕聲 | |||||
References
- “去”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #1405”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
去
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- to leave, to go away
- past
Readings
- Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
- Kun: さる (saru, 去る, Jōyō); いぬ (inu, 去ぬ); のぞく (nozoku, 去く); ゆく (yuku, 去く)
Compounds
Compounds
- 去就 (kyoshū)
- 去勢 (kyosei)
- 去痰 (kyotan): expectoration
- 去年 (kyonen)
- 去来 (kyorai)
- 除去 (jokyo): removal, elimination, disposal, rejection, relief (of pain, worry, pressure)
- 淘去 (tōkyo): washing away
See also
- 落ちる (ochiru)
Korean
Hanja
去 (eumhun 갈 거 (gal geo))
- Hanja form? of 거 (“to leave; to go away”).
Compounds
- 과거 (過去, gwageo, “the past”)
Vietnamese
Han character
去: Hán Nôm readings: khứ, khử[1], khu[2]
- (literary) chữ Hán form of khứ (“to leave, to go”).
- chữ Hán form of khử (“to remove”).
Compounds
- quá khứ (過去, “the past”)
- trừ khử (除去, “to eliminate”)
- khử trùng (去蟲, “to disinfect, to decontaminate”)
References
- Hồ (1976).
- Trần (1999).
- http://www.nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=53bb&img=1&uiLang=vn