厄

See also: 阨

厄	U+5384, 厄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5384

← 厃
[U+5383]

CJK Unified Ideographs

厅 →
[U+5385]

Translingual

Han character

厄 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一尸山 (MSU), four-corner 7121₂, composition ⿸厂㔾)

Derived characters

伌, 呃, 𡛖, 𭜒, 扼, 𤜸, 阨, 𦙜, 枙, 砈, 𬡉, 蚅, 𭅻, 𮛊, 𮜯, 軛(轭), 鈪, 𩚚(𬲩), 𥝂, 𬪾, 𦷖, 𩵡, 𧠏, 頋(顾), 危, 𭖆, 苊, 𣐃

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (戹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
呃	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
阸	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
厄	*qreːɡ
蚅	*qreːɡ
扼	*qreːɡ
軛	*qreːɡ
戹	*qreːɡ
豟	*qreːɡ
呝	*qreːɡ
軶	*qreːɡ

Etymology 1 and 3: See 戹.
Etymology 2: Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : phonetic 厂 + semantic 卩 (“joint”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		厄
alternative forms		戹阨𠂬

Probably related to 嗌 (OC *qleɡ, “throat”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): è (e⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
(Chengdu, SP): nge²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): aak¹, ak¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ak²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ak
Min Dong (BUC): áik
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): eh / ek / iak
(Teochew, Peng'im): êh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ngeq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nge⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nge²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: aak¹, ak¹
  - Yale: āak, āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aak⁷, ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ag¹, eg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːk̚⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
  - Hakka Romanization System: ag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ak̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eh
  - Tâi-lô: eh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /eʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /eʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/

Note:

eh - vernacular;
iak/ek - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngeq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋəʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nge⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɤ̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 厄
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɤ⁴⁴/ /nɤ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/nɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ŋə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɣə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɛ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ŋɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ȵi⁴⁴/ /nɛ⁴⁴/ 新
	Yinchuan	/ə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ŋɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ŋe³¹/
	Guiyang	/ŋɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/ə³¹/
	Nanjing	/əʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɣaʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ŋaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ŋəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ʔɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/a²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋɛʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ŋæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ak̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ɑk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ak̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ŋɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/ak̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚³²/ /eʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/aiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/eʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠɛk̚/

Rime
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	耕 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	於革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɛk̚/
Wang Li	/æk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
(Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k/
English	part of a yoke
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
No.	2707
Phonetic component	戹
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戹
Old Chinese	/*qreːɡ/
Notes	同戹

Definitions

厄

harrowing; miserable
disaster; calamity; catastrophe
adversity; difficulty; distress
to be stranded
strategic point
Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”).

Synonyms

(harrowing):

edit

Synonyms of 厄

㾪赤 (Hokkien)
䆀康 (Hokkien)
困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
困苦 (kùnkǔ)
散 (sǎn) (Hokkien)
散赤 (Hokkien)
淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)

窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
苦寒 (Sichuan)
宋凶 (Hokkien)
散凶 (Hokkien)
困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
困難／困难 (kùnnan)
困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
磽 (Teochew)
窮／穷 (qióng)

窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

(disaster):

edit

Synonyms of 厄

劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Min Nan)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
沙𧐔 (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)

大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害／灾害 (zāihài)

災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
禍息／祸息 (Xiang)
禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

(adversity):

edit

危境 (wēijìng)
困厄 (kùn'è) (literary)
困境 (kùnjìng)

地步 (dìbù)
畏景 (wèijǐng) (literary, figurative)
逆境 (nìjìng)

時艱／时艰 (shíjiān) (difficult times at present)
處境／处境 (chǔjìng)

Compounds

乘人之厄
兵厄 (bīng'è)
厄瓜多 (Èguāduō)
困厄 (kùn'è)
央厄 (yāng'è)
水厄
解厄

厄利垂亞／厄利垂亚 (Èlìchuíyà)
厄會／厄会
厄爾巴島／厄尔巴岛
厄臺／厄台
厄運／厄运 (èyùn)
厄難／厄难 (ènàn)
厄魯特族／厄鲁特族

在陳之厄／在陈之厄
消災解厄／消灾解厄
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è)
矜貧救厄／矜贫救厄
陳蔡之厄／陈蔡之厄
黃楊厄閏／黄杨厄闰

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		厄

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ě, è (e³, e⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄜˇ, ㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ě
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Yale: ě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/

Definitions

厄

^‡ Used in 科厄.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		厄

From 惡／恶.

Pronunciation

Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): oh⁴

Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: oh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /oʔ²/

Definitions

厄

(Teochew) hard; difficult; challenging

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 厄

不容易 (bùróngyì)
勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
辛苦 (xīnkǔ)

困難／困难 (kùnnan)
疑難／疑难 (yínán)
艱巨／艰巨 (jiānjù)
艱苦／艰苦 (jiānkǔ)

艱難／艰难 (jiānnán)
苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
辛勞／辛劳 (xīnláo)
難／难 (nán)

Japanese

Kanji

厄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

unlucky
misfortune
bad luck
disaster

Readings

On (unclassified): やく (yaku, Jōyō); が (ga); あく (aku)
Kun: やくしむ (yakushimu, 厄しむ); わざわい (wazawai, 厄い)^{←わざはひ (wazafafi, historical)}

Noun

Kanji in this term
厄
やく Grade: S
on’yomi

厄(やく) • (yaku)

bad luck, evil

Korean

Hanja

厄 (eumhun 액 액 (aek aek))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 厄

Vietnamese

Han character

厄: Hán Việt readings: ách
厄: Nôm readings: ách, ạch, ịch

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

厄

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Noun

Korean

Hanja

References

Vietnamese

Han character

References