占

占

See also: 佔

占 U+5360, 占 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5360 ← 卟 [U+535F] CJK Unified Ideographs 卡 → [U+5361]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

占 (Kangxi radical 25, 卜+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜口 (YR), four-corner 2160₀, composition ⿱⺊口)

Derived characters

• 點(点, 奌), 店, 佔, 𢓕, 沾, 笘, 苫, 坫, 战, 粘, 砧, 拈, 毡, 鉆(钻), 玷, 貼(贴), 黏, 阽, 帖, 扂, 颭(飐), 鮎(鲇), 𡱇, 痁, 𨱬, 㚲, 趈, 迠, 炶, 煔, 枮

• left:

乩, 战, 敁, 覘, 觇, 頕, 㓠, 㣌, 𡖡, 𢧗, 𤿝

• right:

佔, 呫, 坫, 嚸, 岾, 帖, 怗, 拈, 枮, 沾, 炶, 煔, 玷, 砧, 秥, 站, 粘, 胋, 蛅, 袩, 詀, 貼, 贴, 跕, 酟, 鉆, 钻, 阽, 鮎, 鲇, 鹵, 黇, 黏, 點, 㚲, 䀡, 䍄, 䩇, 䩞, 䪓, 䬯, 䴴, 𠕟, 𠸞, 𡖞, 𡖵, 𢓕, 𣩚, 𤘇, 𤝓, 𥿕, 𦕒, 𧮪, 𧲸, 𨱬, 𪉜, 𪎋, 𪕐, 𪖚

• above:

奌, 点, 㤐, 𠛤, 𠧳, 𠧹

• below:

笘, 苫, 䵿, 𦒻, 𦒾, 𩬑

• outside:

卣, 卤, 卥, 𠧚, 𠧧, 𠧪, 𠧸

• inside:

扂, 店, 䦓, 毡, 痁, 趈, 迠, 颭, 飐, 𡱇

• other:

梷, 檆, 蒧, 㸃, 㼭, 𠖣, 𠚝, 𠧱, 𠧴, 𠧵, 𠧷, 𠧺, 𠧾, 𠵑, 𠶧, 𡅴, 𡅾, 𡌐, 𡌽, 𡙏, 𢒦, 𢜋, 𢨟, 𢮸, 𢰷, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀, 𣗴, 𣷀, 𣸾, 𣿤, 𤉽, 𤋒, 𤋧, 𤑰, 𤭥, 𥇞, 𥭔, 𥮒, 𥮠, 𥯎, 𥱱, 𥷠, 𥺦, 𦁦, 𦝿, 𦷙, 𧆗, 𧍈, 𧨼, 𨃊, 𩃅, 𩄷, 𩌓, 𩲦, 𩳨, 𪐇

References

• KangXi: page 157, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2780
• Dae Jaweon: page 361, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 92, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5360

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		占

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 占
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 卜 (“divination”) + 口 (“mouth”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam¹ / ziang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹
    • Yale: jān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim¹
    • Yale: jīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
    • Tâi-lô: tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziam¹ / ziang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiam / tsiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/

Note: ziang1 - Chenghai.

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇm/

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職廉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciam/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tem/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	占
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyem ›
Old Chinese	/*tem/
English	prognosticate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
No.	16706
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	詹
Old Chinese	/*ʔljem/

Definitions

占

1. to divine; to foretell
2. (obsolete) to watch or to peep
3. Variant pronunciation of sense "to recount orally" below
4. (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) cent
5. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		分
Mandarin	Beijing	分
	Taiwan	分
	Jinan	分
	Xi'an	分
	Wuhan	分
	Chengdu	分
	Yangzhou	分
	Hefei	分
	Malaysia	仙
	Singapore	分
Cantonese	Guangzhou	分
	Hong Kong	仙, 仙士 dated
Gan	Nanchang	分
Hakka	Meixian	分
Jin	Taiyuan	分
Min Bei	Jian'ou	分
Min Dong	Fuzhou	分
Min Nan	Xiamen	占, 分
	Quanzhou	占
	Zhangzhou	占
	Tainan	仙
	Penang (Hokkien)	鐳, sen
	Singapore (Hokkien)	占
	Manila (Hokkien)	仙
	Chaozhou	分
	Singapore (Teochew)	占
Wu	Suzhou	分
	Wenzhou	分
Xiang	Changsha	分
	Shuangfeng	分

Compounds

占人 占候 占卜 (zhānbǔ) 占卦 (zhānguà) 占射 占房 占星 (zhānxīng)

占筮 (zhānshì) 占身 吉占 占夢／占梦 占斷占拜／占断占拜 占星術／占星术 (zhānxīngshù) 占親／占亲

占課／占课 占風使帆／占风使帆 占驗／占验 占鳳／占凤 早占勿藥／早占勿药 陰占／阴占 鳳占／凤占

References

• “占”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim³
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam³ / ziang³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim³
    • Yale: jim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàm
    • Tâi-lô: tsiàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiam²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziam³ / ziang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàm / tsiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam²¹³/, /t͡siaŋ²¹³/

Note: ziang3 - Chenghai.

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇm^H/

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章豔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciamH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjems/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
No.	16709
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	占
Old Chinese	/*tjems/

Definitions

占

1. to recount orally

Usage notes

Sources vary in the pronunciation of sense "to recount orally". Zhengzitong recorded a level tone, yet Zihui recorded a departing tone.

The standard Mandarin pronunciation is zhàn in China Mainland and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹, zem¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim¹, zem¹
    • Yale: jīm, colloquial sounds not defined
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹, dzem¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹, zém¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

占

1. (Cantonese) jam (type of fruit preserve)

Synonyms

• 果醬／果酱 (guǒjiàng)
• 果子醬／果子酱 (guǒzijiàng)
• (Cantonese) 果占
• (Min Nan) 苒 (rǎn)

Compounds

果占

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 占 – see 佔 (“to occupy; to possess; etc.”). (This character, 占, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 佔.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

侵占 侵占罪 包占 占上 占上游 占地 占地步 占房 占有 占用 占花魁 口占 寡占 影占 拜占庭 (Bàizhàntíng) 攻占

霸占 占上風／占上风 占地盤／占地盘 占場兒／占场儿 占強／占强 占據／占据 占斷／占断 占有權／占有权 占為己有／占为己有 占課／占课 占領／占领 占頭籌／占头筹 占鰲頭／占鳌头 強占／强占 搶占／抢占 (qiǎngzhàn) 標占／标占

獨占／独占 獨占花魁／独占花魁 獨占資本／独占资本 獨占鰲頭／独占鳌头 獨占鼇頭／独占鳌头 稍占上風／稍占上风 竊占／窃占 竊占罪／窃占罪 聯合獨占／联合独占 進占／进占 陰占／阴占 鰲頭獨占／鳌头独占 鳩占鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢 鵲巢鳩占／鹊巢鸠占 鼇頭獨占／鳌头独占

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Japanese

Kanji

占

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: しめる (shimeru, 占める, Jōyō); うらなう (uranau, 占う, Jōyō)^{←うらなふ (uranafu, historical)}; うら (ura, 占)

Compounds

Compounds

• 占(せん)卜(ぼく) (senboku): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 卜(ぼく)占(せん) (bokusen): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen): duopoly

Noun

Kanji in this term
占
うら Grade: S
kun’yomi

占(うら) • (ura) 

1. (archaic) fortune-telling

Alternative forms

• 卜

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC t͡ɕiᴇm^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 졈〮 (Yale: cyém) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
• Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

Wikisource占 (eumhun 차지할 점 (chajihal jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to hold; to occupy”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점거 (占據, jeomgeo)
• 점득 (占得, jeomdeuk)
• 점령 (占領, jeomnyeong)
• 점유 (占有, jeomyu)
• 독점 (獨占, dokjeom)
• 매점 (買占, maejeom)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC t͡ɕiᴇm).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (Yale: cyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)訓 (Yale: cyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)訓 (Yale: cyem) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
• Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

占 (eumhun 점칠 점 (jeomchil jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to augur; to divine”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점괘 (占卦, jeomgwae)
• 점서 (占書, jeomseo)
• 점서 (占筮, jeomseo)
• 점술 (占術, jeomsul)
• 신점 (神占, sinjeom, “divination”)
• 점성술 (占星術, jeomseongsul)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

占: Hán Nôm readings: Chiêm, chăm, chàm, chễm, chím, chiếm, giếm, chầm, chằm, chem, coi, xem

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.