南海

南海

Chinese

		south	ocean; sea
simp. and trad. (南海)		南	海
anagram		海南

Etymology

"Nanhai, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Commandery"

Officially, with the creation of the Nanhai Commandery in southern China in 214 BCE as attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Nánhǎi

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): naam⁴ hoi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam³ hoi²

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-hái

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nam⁵ hai²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Nánhǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Nánhǎi
    • Wade–Giles: Nan²-hai³
    • Yale: Nán-hǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanhae
    • Palladius: Наньхай (Nanʹxaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: naam⁴ hoi²
    • Yale: nàahm hói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ hoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ hoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nam³ hoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-hái
    • Tâi-lô: Lâm-hái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lamhae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nam⁵ hai²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâm hái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: /nʌm  hʌi^X/

Rime
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	那含切	呼改切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/hʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/həiX/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/xɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/həjX/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/xᴀiX/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/xɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/năm/	/xɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	hǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam4	hoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m  m̥ˤəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuːm  hmlɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nán	hǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ nom ›	‹ xojX ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[ə]m/	/*m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > x-)
English	south	sea
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9355	9283
Phonetic component	南	母
Rime group	侵	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	南	海
Old Chinese	/*nuːm/	/*hmlɯːʔ/

Proper noun

南海

1. South China Sea
2. Nanhai (a lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China)
3. (～區, formerly ～縣) Nanhai (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; former county of Guangdong, China)
4. (～鎮) Nanhai (a town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)
5. (～鄉) Nanhai (a township in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)
6. (historical) (～郡) Nanhai, a commandery of imperial China

Synonyms

• (South China Sea): 南中國海／南中国海 (Nán Zhōngguó Hǎi)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
南	海
なん Grade: 2	かい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
南海 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) なんかい [nàńkáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋka̠i]

Noun

南(なん)海(かい) • (nankai) 

1. a southern sea
2. (specifically) South China Sea

   Synonym: 南シナ海

3. Short for 南海道(なんかいどう) (nankaidō)

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN