協

See also: 协

協	U+5354, 協 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5354

← 卓
[U+5353]

CJK Unified Ideographs

单 →
[U+5355]

Translingual

Han character

協 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十大尸尸 (JKSS), four-corner 4402₇, composition ⿰十劦)

References

KangXi: page 156, character 34
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2742
Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 64, character 3
Unihan data for U+5354

Chinese

trad.		協
simp.		协
alternative forms		恊旪叶㶸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (劦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
栛	*reːbs
珕	reːbs, rebs
荔	reːbs, rebs
脅	hlams, hlab
姭	*hlams
搚	raːb, raːb
拹	*hlab
愶	*hlab
嗋	*hlab
熁	*hlab
協	*ɦleːb
勰	*ɦleːb
劦	*ɦleːb
叶	*ɦleːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦleːb) : semantic 十 (“many”) + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb, “to collaborate”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xié (xie²)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ
(Chengdu, SP): xie²
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ще (xi͡ə, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³, hip⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p
Min Dong (BUC): hiĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hia̍p
(Teochew, Peng'im): hiab⁸ / hiêb⁸ / hiag⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhiq (T5); hhiaq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xié
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sié
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh²
  - Yale: syé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xie²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xie
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ще (xi͡ə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hip³, hip⁶
  - Yale: hip, hihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸, hip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hib³, hib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/, /hiːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiab⁸ / hiêb⁸ / hiag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p / hie̍p / hia̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiap̚⁴/, /hiep̚⁴/, /hiak̚⁴/

Note:

hiab8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
hiêb8 - Chaozhou;
hiag8 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhiq (T5); hhiaq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ɪʔ¹²/, /ɦia̱ʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 協
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ji²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕieʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕia⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiap̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiap̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦep̚/

Rime
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	添 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡頰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣep̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤep/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɦleːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xié
Middle Chinese	‹ hep ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁep/
English	in harmony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
No.	13788
Phonetic component	劦
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	協
Old Chinese	/*ɦleːb/
Notes	劦轉註

Definitions

協

to cooperate; to work together; to collaborate
to assist; to help
harmonious; in amity with
united; joint; common

Compounds

不協／不协
停戰協定／停战协定
協作／协作 (xiézuò)
協元／协元 (Xiéyuán)
協力／协力 (xiélì)
協力同心／协力同心 (xiélìtóngxīn)
協力車／协力车
協助／协助 (xiézhù)
協同／协同 (xiétóng)
協和／协和 (xiéhé)
協商／协商 (xiéshāng)
協奏曲／协奏曲 (xiézòuqǔ)
協定／协定 (xiédìng)
協律／协律
協心／协心
協會／协会 (xiéhuì)

協服／协服
協理／协理 (xiélǐ)
協約／协约 (xiéyuē)
協約國／协约国 (Xiéyuēguó)
協緝／协缉
協調／协调 (xiétiáo)
協謀／协谋 (xiémóu)
協議／协议 (xiéyì)
協議書／协议书 (xiéyìshū)
協辦／协办 (xiébàn)
協防／协防
協韻／协韵
協風／协风
同心協力／同心协力 (tóngxīnxiélì)
君子協定／君子协定 (jūnzǐ xiédìng)
和協／和协 (héxié)

團體協約／团体协约
大協奏曲／大协奏曲
大英國協／大英国协 (Dà Yīngguó Xié)
妥協／妥协 (tuǒxié)
張協／张协
撥協銀／拨协银
政協／政协 (Zhèngxié)
海協會／海协会 (Hǎixiéhuì)
籃協／篮协 (lánxié)
紳士協定／绅士协定
行政協調／行政协调
軟協／软协
鋼協／钢协 (gāngxié)
限武協定／限武协定
齊心協力／齐心协力 (qíxīnxiélì)

Japanese

Alternative forms

(ryakuji) 𫝓 [U+2B753]

Kanji

協

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

collaboration

Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げふ (gefu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
Kun: かなう (kanau, 協う)

Compounds

協(きょう)会(かい) (kyōkai)
協(きょう)議(ぎ) (kyōgi)
協(きょう)賛(さん) (kyōsan)
協(きょう)奏(そう)曲(きょく) (kyōsōkyoku)
協(きょう)調(ちょう) (kyōchō)
協(きょう)定(てい) (kyōtei)
協(きょう)同(どう) (kyōdō)
協(きょう)力(りょく) (kyōryoku)
協(きょう)和(わ) (kyōwa)

Korean

Hanja

協 (eum 협 (hyeop))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

協: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.