千早ぶ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 千 | 早 |
| ち Grade: 1 | はや Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi | |
Etymology
From Old Japanese.
Shift from classical verb 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).
Compare the development of 茨 (ibara, “bramble”) → 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).
Verb
千早ぶ (intransitive, kami nidan conjugation, hiragana ちはやぶ, rōmaji chihayabu)
- (archaic) to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 2, poem 199), text here
- ...鶏之鳴吾妻乃國之御軍士乎喚賜而千磐破人乎和為跡不奉仕國乎治跡... [Man'yōgana]
- ...鶏が鳴く東の国の御軍を召したまひてちはやぶる人を和せと奉ろはぬ国を治めと... [Modern spelling]
- ...tori ga naku azuma no kuni no mi-ikusa o meshi-tamaite chihayaburu hito o yawase to matsurowanu kuni o osame to...
- ...let us summon the glorious troops from the Eastern Lands where birds cry to vanquish the unruly peoples and conquer the defiant lands.[1]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 2, poem 199), text here
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "千早ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 千早ぶ | ちはやぶ | tifayabu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 千早ぶる | ちはやぶる | tifayaburu |
| Realis (已然形) | 千早ぶれ | ちはやぶれ | tifayabure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 千早びよ | ちはやびよ | tifayabiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 千早びず | ちはやびず | tifayabizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 千早ぶれど | ちはやぶれど | tifayaburedo |
| Causal conjunction | 千早ぶれば | ちはやぶれば | tifayabureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 千早びば | ちはやびば | tifayabiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 千早びき | ちはやびき | tifayabiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 千早びけり | ちはやびけり | tifayabikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 千早びつ | ちはやびつ | tifayabitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 千早びぬ | ちはやびぬ | tifayabinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 千早びたり | ちはやびたり | tifayabitari |
Derived terms
- 千早振る (chihayaburu, pillow word)
References
- Haruo Shirane, editor (2012) Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 (Translations from the Asian classics), abridged, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 48