十六夜

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
十	六	夜
いざよい
Grade: 1	Grade: 1	Grade: 2
jukujikun

⟨isayo₁pi₁⟩ → */isajʷopʲi/ → /isajopi/ → /isajofi/ → /izajofi/ → /izajowi/ → /izajoi/

From Old Japanese.[1][2] Read as isayopi in the Nara Period, shifting to isayofi and izayofi alternating in free variation with in the Heian Period, and settling on izayoi thereafter.[1]

Derived as the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 猶予(いざよ)う (izayou, “to pause, to hesitate”)..[1][2][3][4]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), literally the "sixteenth night → night after the full moon". This sense arose from the way the moonrise is slightly later just after the full moon, as if the moon is hesitating.[1][5]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いざよい [ìzáyóí] (Heiban – [0])[2][6][4]
IPA^(key): [iza̠jo̞i]

Noun

十六夜(いざよい) • (izayoi) ^{←いざよひ (izayofi)^?}

Short for 十六夜の月 (izayoi no tsuki): the moon just past the full moon, the start of the waning moon
Synonym: 既望の月 (kibō no tsuki)
the sixteenth night of the month under the lunar calendar, just after the full moon (common time for viewing the harvest moon in the Japanese 月見 (tsukimi, “moon viewing”) festival)
(by extension of the "16" sense, poetic) sixteen years old
(by extension of the "16" sense, archaic) a bet of 16 銭 (sen) on a competition or game of chance
a female given name

Derived terms

十六夜(いざよい)清心(せいしん) (Izayoi Seishin): common name for the kabuki play, 小(こ)袖(そで)曾我(そが)薊(あざみの)色縫(いろぬい) (Kosode Soga Azami no Ironui)
十六夜(いざよい)日記(にっき) (Izayoi Nikki): single-volume travelogue written in the mid-Kamakura Period by the Buddhist nun Abutsu-ni (阿仏尼).
十六夜(いざよい)日記(にっき)残月(ざんげつ)鈔(しょう) (Izayoi Nikki Zangetsu Shō): The first annotation of the Izayoi Nikki. It consists of three volumes, jointly written by late-Edo Period literary scholar Oyamada Tomoyuki (小山田与清) and his apprentice Hōjō Tokichika (北条時隣), published in 1824
十六夜(いざよい)薔薇(ばら) (izayoi bara, “chestnut, burr rose”): species of rose native to east Asia, Rosa roxburghii, member of sub-genus Platyrhodon

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
十	六	夜
じゅう Grade: 1	ろく Grade: 1	や Grade: 2
goon

Compound of 十六 (jūroku, “sixteen”) +‎ 夜 (ya, “night”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゅうろくや [jùúrókúꜜyà] (Nakadaka – [4])[2][4]
IPA^(key): [(d͡)ʑɨᵝːɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝja̠]

Noun

十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) • (jūroku-ya) ^{←じふろくや (zifurokuya)^?}

the sixteenth night of the month under the lunar calendar, just after the full moon
Synonym: 既望 (kibō)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
“十六夜”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[Nipponica-5] “十六夜”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

[NHK-6] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN