匠
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Translingual
Han character
匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 71712, composition ⿷匚斤)
References
- KangXi: page 153, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
- Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5320
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 匠 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 匞 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 匠 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 匚 | *paŋ |
| 匠 | *sbaŋs |
Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).
In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sbaŋs) : phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).
Etymology
Several etymologies have been proposed:
- Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
- Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.
Pronunciation
Definitions
匠
- craftsman; artisan; workman
- master
Compounds
Derived terms from 匠
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Descendants
- → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
- Thai: ช่าง (châang)
- Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
- Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
- Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)
- Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)
- Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)
- Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)
- Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)
- → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
- → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)
References
- “匠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00420
Japanese
Kanji
匠
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: ぞう (zō)←ざう (zau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: たくみ (takumi, 匠)
Compounds
- 師匠 (shishō)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匠 |
| たくみ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 匠 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 匠, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Proper noun
匠 • (Takumi)
- a male given name
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匠 |
| しょう Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
Noun
匠 • (shō)
- worker
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC d͡zɨɐŋH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))
- Hanja form? of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”).
- Synonym: 工 (공 (gong))
Compounds
Compounds
- 공장 (工匠, gongjang, “craftsman”)
- 장인 (匠人, jang'in, “craftsman; artisan”)
- 거장 (巨匠, geojang, “master, virtuoso”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
匠: Hán Nôm readings: tượng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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