勧める
Japanese
Alternative forms
- 奨める
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 勧 |
| すす Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 進める (susumeru).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) すすめる [sùsúmérú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝsɨᵝme̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
勧める (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 勸める, transitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana すすめる, rōmaji susumeru)
- suggest, recommend, advise
- offer food, drink or the use of something
- promote (industry etc.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "勧める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 勧め | すすめ | susume | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勧め | すすめ | susume | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勧める | すすめる | susumeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勧める | すすめる | susumeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 勧めれ | すすめれ | susumere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勧めよ¹ 勧めろ² | すすめよ¹ すすめろ² | susumeyo¹ susumero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 勧められる | すすめられる | susumerareru | |
| Causative | 勧めさせる 勧めさす | すすめさせる すすめさす | susumesaseru susumesasu | |
| Potential | 勧められる 勧めれる³ | すすめられる すすめれる³ | susumerareru susumereru³ | |
| Volitional | 勧めよう | すすめよう | susumeyō | |
| Negative | 勧めない 勧めぬ 勧めん | すすめない すすめぬ すすめん | susumenai susumenu susumen | |
| Negative continuative | 勧めず | すすめず | susumezu | |
| Formal | 勧めます | すすめます | susumemasu | |
| Perfective | 勧めた | すすめた | susumeta | |
| Conjunctive | 勧めて | すすめて | susumete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 勧めれば | すすめれば | susumereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "勧む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 勧め | すすめ | susume |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勧め | すすめ | susume |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勧む | すすむ | susumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勧むる | すすむる | susumuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 勧むれ | すすむれ | susumure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勧めよ | すすめよ | susumeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 勧めず | すすめず | susumezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 勧むれど | すすむれど | susumuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 勧むれば | すすむれば | susumureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 勧めば | すすめば | susumeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 勧めき | すすめき | susumeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 勧めけり | すすめけり | susumekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 勧めつ | すすめつ | susumetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 勧めぬ | すすめぬ | susumenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 勧めたり | すすめたり | susumetari |
References
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN