勘

勘

勘 U+52D8, 勘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D8 ← 勗 [U+52D7] CJK Unified Ideographs 務 → [U+52D9]

Translingual

Han character

勘 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿女大尸 (TVKS), four-corner 4472₇, composition ⿰甚力)

Derived characters

墈, 磡

References

• KangXi: page 148, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2393
• Dae Jaweon: page 334, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 373, character 18
• Unihan data for U+52D8

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Chinese

trad.		勘
simp. #		勘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰluːms) : semantic 力 (“strong”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) – to look at carefully, strongly.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kān (kan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³, ham¹
• Min Nan (POJ): kham / khàm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kān
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kan
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
    • Yale: kān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ham³, ham¹
    • Yale: ham, hām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham³, ham¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem³, hem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/, /hɐm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
    • Tâi-lô: kham
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàm
    • Tâi-lô: khàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaxm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰam¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰʌm^H/

Rime
Character	勘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦紺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəmH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀmH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勘
Reading #	1/1
No.	11275
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːms/

Definitions

勘

1. to proofread; to compare
2. to investigate

   勘探  ―  kāntàn  ―  to prospect

Compounds

制勘 勘估 勘合 勘婚 勘察 (kānchá) 勘探 (kāntàn) 勘查 (kānchá) 勘正 (kānzhèng) 勘破 (kānpò) 契勘 察勘 履勘

打勘 拷勘 探勘 (tànkān) 推勘 查勘 (chákān) 校勘 (jiàokān) 根勘 磨勘 禁勘 踏勘 (tàkān) 勘問／勘问 勘檢／勘检

勘測／勘测 (kāncè) 勘誤／勘误 (kānwù) 勘誤表／勘误表 (kānwùbiǎo) 勘驗／勘验 對勘／对勘 校勘學／校勘学 (jiàokānxué) 歸勘／归勘 錯勘／错勘 震波測勘／震波测勘 駁勘／驳勘 點勘／点勘

References

• “勘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

勘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: かんがえる (kangaeru, 勘える)

Compounds

• 勘(かん)定(じょう) (kanjō): bill, check
• 勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai): misunderstanding, wrong guess

Etymology

Kanji in this term
勘
かん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC kʰʌm^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) かん [kàń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

勘(かん) • (kan) 

1. perception; intuition; the sixth sense

Affix

勘(かん) • (kan) 

1. consideration
2. disinheritance

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC kʰʌm^H).

Hanja

勘 (eumhun 헤아릴 감 (hearil gam))

1. Hanja form^? of 감 (“consideration”).

Compounds

• 감정 (勘定, gamjeong, “calculation”)
• 감안 (勘案, gaman, “consideration”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.