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单词 動く
释义

動く

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
動
うご
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Likely derived as a compound of うご (ugo, a 擬態語 (gitaigo, “mimetic word”) imitative of something crawling or creeping; compare the sound shapes of roots wrig- or wig- in English wriggle, wiggle) +‎ く (ku, verb-forming suffix).[1] Compare also the related adverb うごうご (ugougo, “wrigglingly, squirmlingly, creepingly: moving in continuous small increments”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) うご​く [ùgóꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "動く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		動くうご​く[ùgóꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形)動けうご​け[ùgóꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive動かれるうごかれ​る[ùgókáréꜜrù]
Causative動かせるうごかせ​る[ùgókáséꜜrù]
Potential動けるうごけ​る[ùgókéꜜrù]
Volitional動こううごこ​ー[ùgókóꜜò]
Negative動かないうごか​ない[ùgókáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective動かなかったうごか​なかった[ùgókáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal動きますうごきま​す[ùgókímáꜜsù]
Perfective動いたうご​いた[ùgóꜜìtà]
Conjunctive動いてうご​いて[ùgóꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional動けばうご​けば[ùgóꜜkèbà]

Verb

動(うご)く • (ugoku) intransitive godan (stem 動(うご)き (ugoki), past 動(うご)いた (ugoita))

Japanese verb pair
active動かす
mediopassive動く
  1. [from 712] to move
    1. to stir, shake, shift, swing
      • 動(うご)くな！国際警察(こくさいけいさつ)だ。
        Ugoku na! Kokusai keisatsu da.
        Interpol! Don't move!
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 2176), text here:
        秋田苅(あきたかる)、苫手(とまで)揺(うごく)奈利(なり)、白露志(しらつゆし)、置穂田無跡(おくほだなしと)、告尓来良思(つげにきぬらし)
        aki ta karu, tomade ugoku nari, shiratsuyu shi, oku hoda nashi to, tsuge ni kinu rashi
        The autumn-harvest rush-mat shelter moves [in the wind], as if [the wind] has come to tell us that there are no more fields full of ripe and dew-laden grain...
    2. (as of a machine or device) to operate, run, go, work
    3. (as of a person or group) to work, go into action
    4. (emotionally) to be moved, touched, influenced
    5. to change, vary, fluctuate, waver
Conjugation
Conjugation of "動く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)動かうごかugoka
Continuative (連用形)動きうごきugoki
Terminal (終止形)動くうごくugoku
Attributive (連体形)動くうごくugoku
Hypothetical (仮定形)動けうごけugoke
Imperative (命令形)動けうごけugoke
Key constructions
Passive動かれるうごかれるugokareru
Causative動かせる
動かす		うごかせる
うごかす		ugokaseru
ugokasu
Potential動けるうごけるugokeru
Volitional動こううごこうugokō
Negative動かないうごかないugokanai
Negative continuative動かずうごかずugokazu
Formal動きますうごきますugokimasu
Perfective動いたうごいたugoita
Conjunctive動いてうごいてugoite
Hypothetical conditional動けばうごけばugokeba
Classical conjugation of "動く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)動かうごかugoka
Continuative (連用形)動きうごきugoki
Terminal (終止形)動くうごくugoku
Attributive (連体形)動くうごくugoku
Realis (已然形)動けうごけugoke
Imperative (命令形)動けうごけugoke
Key constructions
Negative動かずうごかずugokazu
Contrasting conjunction動けどうごけどugokedo
Causal conjunction動けばうごけばugokeba
Conditional conjunction動かばうごかばugokaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)動ききうごききugokiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)動きけりうごきけりugokikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)動きつうごきつugokitu
Perfect tense (natural event)動きぬうごきぬugokinu
Perfect-continuative tense動けり
動きたり		うごけり
うごきたり		ugokeri
ugokitari
Volitional動かむうごかむugokamu
  • 動(うご)かす (ugokasu): to move (transitive)
  • うごうご (ugougo): wrigglingly, squirmlingly, creepingly: moving in continuous small increments
  • 蠢(うごめ)く (ugomeku): to wriggle, to squirm

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
動
いご
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Rare dialectal variation on ugoku above.[1][2]

Attested from the late Muromachi period (1336–1573).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [iɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

動(いご)く • (igoku) intransitive godan (stem 動(いご)き (igoki), past 動(いご)いた (igoita))

  1. [from late 1500s] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to move
Conjugation
Conjugation of "動く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)動かいごかigoka
Continuative (連用形)動きいごきigoki
Terminal (終止形)動くいごくigoku
Attributive (連体形)動くいごくigoku
Hypothetical (仮定形)動けいごけigoke
Imperative (命令形)動けいごけigoke
Key constructions
Passive動かれるいごかれるigokareru
Causative動かせる
動かす		いごかせる
いごかす		igokaseru
igokasu
Potential動けるいごけるigokeru
Volitional動こういごこうigokō
Negative動かないいごかないigokanai
Negative continuative動かずいごかずigokazu
Formal動きますいごきますigokimasu
Perfective動いたいごいたigoita
Conjunctive動いていごいてigoite
Hypothetical conditional動けばいごけばigokeba
Classical conjugation of "動く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)動かいごかigoka
Continuative (連用形)動きいごきigoki
Terminal (終止形)動くいごくigoku
Attributive (連体形)動くいごくigoku
Realis (已然形)動けいごけigoke
Imperative (命令形)動けいごけigoke
Key constructions
Negative動かずいごかずigokazu
Contrasting conjunction動けどいごけどigokedo
Causal conjunction動けばいごけばigokeba
Conditional conjunction動かばいごかばigokaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)動ききいごききigokiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)動きけりいごきけりigokikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)動きついごきつigokitu
Perfect tense (natural event)動きぬいごきぬigokinu
Perfect-continuative tense動けり
動きたり		いごけり
いごきたり		igokeri
igokitari
Volitional動かむいごかむigokamu

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
動
おご
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Rare dialectal variation on ugoku above.[1]

Attested in a text from 1002.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [o̞ɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

動(おご)く • (ogoku) intransitive godan (stem 動(おご)き (ogoki), past 動(おご)いた (ogoita))

  1. [from 1002] (obsolete) to move
Conjugation
Conjugation of "動く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)動かおごかogoka
Continuative (連用形)動きおごきogoki
Terminal (終止形)動くおごくogoku
Attributive (連体形)動くおごくogoku
Hypothetical (仮定形)動けおごけogoke
Imperative (命令形)動けおごけogoke
Key constructions
Passive動かれるおごかれるogokareru
Causative動かせる
動かす		おごかせる
おごかす		ogokaseru
ogokasu
Potential動けるおごけるogokeru
Volitional動こうおごこうogokō
Negative動かないおごかないogokanai
Negative continuative動かずおごかずogokazu
Formal動きますおごきますogokimasu
Perfective動いたおごいたogoita
Conjunctive動いておごいてogoite
Hypothetical conditional動けばおごけばogokeba
Classical conjugation of "動く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)動かおごかogoka
Continuative (連用形)動きおごきogoki
Terminal (終止形)動くおごくogoku
Attributive (連体形)動くおごくogoku
Realis (已然形)動けおごけogoke
Imperative (命令形)動けおごけogoke
Key constructions
Negative動かずおごかずogokazu
Contrasting conjunction動けどおごけどogokedo
Causal conjunction動けばおごけばogokeba
Conditional conjunction動かばおごかばogokaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)動ききおごききogokiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)動きけりおごきけりogokikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)動きつおごきつogokitu
Perfect tense (natural event)動きぬおごきぬogokinu
Perfect-continuative tense動けり
動きたり		おごけり
おごきたり		ogokeri
ogokitari
Volitional動かむおごかむogokamu

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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