劫波
Chinese
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (劫波) | 劫 | 波 | |
alternative forms | 劫簸 |
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “kalpa”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Pinyin): jiébō
- (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄛ
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gip3 bo1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiébō
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiébo
- Wade–Giles: chieh2-po1
- Yale: jyé-bwō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyebo
- Palladius: цзебо (czebo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjɛ³⁵ pwɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gip3 bo1
- Yale: gip bō
- Cantonese Pinyin: gip8 bo1
- Guangdong Romanization: gib3 bo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːp̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Middle Chinese: /kɨɐp̚ puɑ/
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 劫 | 波 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 幫 (1) |
Final (韻) | 嚴 (147) | 戈 (95) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | III | I |
Fanqie | 居怯切 | 博禾切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐp̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Pan Wuyun | /kiɐp̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Shao Rongfen | /kiɐp̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨap̚/ | /pwa/ |
Li Rong | /kiap̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Wang Li | /kĭɐp̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐp̚/ | /puɑ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | bō |
Expected Cantonese Reflex | gip3 | bo1 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ap pˤaj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kab paːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 劫 | 波 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jié | bō |
Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæp › | ‹ pa › |
Old Chinese | /*k(r)ap/ | /*pˁaj/ |
English | rob | wave (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 劫 | 劫 | 波 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
No. | 6438 | 10694 | 9719 |
Phonetic component | 劫 | 去 | 皮 |
Rime group | 盍 | 盍 | 歌 |
Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime | 劫 | 劫 | 波 |
Old Chinese | /*kab/ | /*kab/ | /*paːl/ |
Notes | 荀子從刀,又譯kalpa | 荀子從刀,又梵譯kalpa |
Noun
劫波
- (Buddhism) kalpa (a unit of cosmological time)
See also
- 劫 (jié)