加工

加工

Chinese

		to add; plus	work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labor
simp. and trad. (加工)		加	工

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāgōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-kûng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ka-kang / kee-kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gia¹ gang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāgōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiagong
    • Wade–Giles: chia¹-kung¹
    • Yale: jyā-gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiagong
    • Palladius: цзягун (czjagun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 加工 夾攻／夹攻

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaa¹ gung¹
    • Yale: gā gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-kûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: ga´ gung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-kang
    • Tâi-lô: ka-kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ka'kafng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ kaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
    • Tâi-lô: kee-kang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gia¹ gang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

Verb

加工

1. to process (to perform mechanical or chemical operations)
2. to polish (to improve; to refine)

Noun

加工

1. processing (of a mechanical or chemical nature)

   材料加工工程  ―  cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng  ―  material processing engineering

   農產品加工／农产品加工  ―  nóngchǎnpǐn jiāgōng  ―  processing of agricultural products

2. working (of machinery)

Adjective

加工

1. (attributive) processed

   加工食品  ―  jiāgōng shípǐn  ―  processed food

Antonyms

• 純天然／纯天然 (chúntiānrán)
• 無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

Derived terms

加工水 (jiāgōngshuǐ) 精加工 加工廠／加工厂 (jiāgōngchǎng)

加工機／加工机 (jiāgōngjī) 無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

Pronunciation 2

• Min Nan (POJ): ke-kang / kee-kang

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• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-kang
    • Tâi-lô: ke-kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ke'kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³ kaŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
    • Tâi-lô: kee-kang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

加工

1. (Min Nan) to waste one's energy

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
加	工
か Grade: 4	こう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) かこー [kàkóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ko̞ː]

Noun

加(か)工(こう) • (kakō) 

1. manufacturing
2. processing

Verb

加(か)工(こう)する • (kakō suru) transitive suru (stem 加(か)工(こう)し (kakō shi), past 加(か)工(こう)した (kakō shita))

1. manufacture
2. process

Conjugation

Conjugation of "加工する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Continuative (連用形)	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Terminal (終止形)	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Attributive (連体形)	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	加工すれ	かこうすれ	kakō sure
Imperative (命令形)	加工せよ¹ 加工しろ²	かこうせよ¹ かこうしろ²	kakō seyo¹ kakō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	加工される	かこうされる	kakō sareru
Causative	加工させる 加工さす	かこうさせる かこうさす	kakō saseru kakō sasu
Potential	加工できる	かこうできる	kakō dekiru
Volitional	加工しよう	かこうしよう	kakō shiyō
Negative	加工しない	かこうしない	kakō shinai
Negative continuative	加工せず	かこうせず	kakō sezu
Formal	加工します	かこうします	kakō shimasu
Perfective	加工した	かこうした	kakō shita
Conjunctive	加工して	かこうして	kakō shite
Hypothetical conditional	加工すれば	かこうすれば	kakō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
加	工

Noun

加工 • (gagong) (hangeul 가공)

1. Hanja form^? of 가공 (“processing; treatment; improvement”).