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单词 加
释义

加

See also: 叻 and 另
加 U+52A0, 加
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0
← 功
[U+529F]		CJK Unified Ideographs务 →
[U+52A1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

加 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 46000, composition ⿰力口)

Derived characters

  • 𪟗 伽 咖 哿 嗧 䪪 嘉 㚙 妿 㚳 𡶐 㤎 㧝 拁 架 枷 毠 泇㹢 珈 𥑆 痂 瘸 䂟 耞 𧊀 茄 笳 𦙲 袈 賀 贺 跏 迦 鉫 𩶛 駕 驾 鴐 䴥
  • 㔔 㔖 乫 㠰 㖙

Descendants

  • か
  • カ
  • 𛀘

References

  • KangXi: page 146, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.
加

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 加
Western ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妿*kaːl, *qaːl
賀*ɡaːls
迦*ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽*ɡa, *ɡal
枷*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉*kraːl
加*kraːl
笳*kraːl
痂*kraːl
袈*kraːl
跏*kraːl
珈*kraːl
鴐*kraːl
架*kraːls
駕*kraːls
瘸*ɡʷal

According to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 力 (“plow”) + 口 (“mouth”) - a mouth ordering a cow over a plow.

Etymology

駕 (OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiā (jia1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gaa1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ga1
  • Min Bei (KCR): gá
  • Min Dong (BUC): gă
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka / kee / ke
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gia1 / gê1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): ka (T1)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jia
      • Wade–Giles: chia1
      • Yale: jyā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
      • Palladius: цзя (czja)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjä⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gaa1
      • Yale: gā
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa1
      • Guangdong Romanization: ga1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kaː⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: ga1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
      • Hakka Romanization System: ga´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ga1
      • Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ga1
      • Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gá
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
      • Tâi-lô: ka
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee
      • Tâi-lô: kee
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
      • Tâi-lô: ke
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kef
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ke⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
Note:
  • ka/kee - literary;
  • ke - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gia1 / gê1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia / ke
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kia³³/, /ke³³/
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • gê1 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: ka (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka̱⁵³/
  • Middle Chinese: /kˠa/
Rime
Character加
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)麻 (98)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie古牙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		/kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		/ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kaɨ/
Li
Rong		/ka/
Wang
Li		/ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gaa1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character加
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jiā
Middle
Chinese		‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		/*kˁraj/
Englishadd

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character加
Reading #1/1
No.5873
Phonetic
component		加
Rime
group		歌
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		嘉
Old
Chinese		/*kraːl/

Definitions

加

  1. to put on top of another object
  2. to add; to put in
    加鹽／加盐  ―  jiā yán  ―  to add salt
  3. to increase; to raise
  4. to impose; to foist; to grant
  5. placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
  6. (arithmetic) to add
    Antonym: 減／减 (jiǎn)
  7. (social media) to friend
    掃碼加我／扫码加我  ―  sǎomǎ jiā wǒ  ―  scan the QR code to friend me
    加你微信  ―  jiā nǐ Wēixìn  ―  to add your WeChat
  8. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
  9. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to add): 添 (tiān), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
  • (to increase):
edit
Synonyms of 加

Compounds

Derived terms from 加

References

  • “加”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

加

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. add, addition, increase
  2. Canada

Readings

  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kun: くわえる (kuwaeru, 加える, Jōyō); くわわる (kuwawaru, 加わる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 加(か)虐(ぎゃく) (kagyaku)
  • 加(か)減(げん) (kagen)
    • 加(か)減(げん)乗(じょう)除(じょ) (kagenjōjo)
  • 加(か)護(ご) (kago)
  • 加(か)工(こう) (kakō)
  • 加(か)算(さん) (kasan)
  • 加(か)餐(さん) (kasan)
  • 加(か)持(じ) (kaji)
  • 加(か)日(にち) (kanichi)
  • 加(か)水(すい) (kasui, “addition of water”)
    • 加(か)水(すい)分(ぶん)解(かい) (kasuibunkai, “hydrolysis”)
  • 加(か)勢(せい) (kasei)
  • 加(か)増(ぞう) (kazō)
  • 加(か)担(たん) (katan)
  • 加(か)点(てん) (katen)
  • 加(か)奈(な)陀(だ) (Kanada, “Canada”)
  • 加(か)熱(ねつ) (kanetsu)
  • 加(か)年(ねん) (kanen, “addition of years”)
  • 加(か)筆(ひつ) (kahitsu)
  • 加(か)法(ほう) (kahō)
  • 加(か)味(み) (kami)
  • 加(か)盟(めい) (kamei)
  • 加(か)養(よう) (kayō)
  • 参(さん)加(か) (sanka)
  • 添(てん)加(か) (tenka)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
加
か
Grade: 4
kan’on

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Kan’on
    • (Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
    • IPA(key): [ka̠]

Noun

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition

Affix

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition
  2. Short for 加奈陀 (“Canada (a country)”).
  3. (US) Short for 加州 (“California (a state of the United States)”).

Korean

Hanja

加 (eumhun 더할 가 (deohal ga))

  1. Hanja form? of 가 (“to add”).

Compounds

  1. 加入 (가입)
  2. 加濕機 (가습기)
  3. 追加 (추가)
  4. 增加 (증가)
  5. 參加 (참가)
  6. 添加 (첨가)

Vietnamese

Han character

加: Hán Nôm readings: gia[1], chơ[2]

  1. (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Trần (2004).
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