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单词 制
释义

制

See also: 製 and 刺
制 U+5236, 制
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5236
← 刵
[U+5235]		CJK Unified Ideographs刷 →
[U+5237]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

制 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹月中弓 (HBLN), four-corner 22200, composition ⿰⿻牛冂刂)

Derived characters

  • 淛 猘 𠶜 𡍘 𡝧 𢛁 𢮓 𨔈 㫼 掣 𤙲 𦜋 𦜗 𦜾 𦲟 𪰮 𭪨 𭪩 痸 𥇕 𧚳 𬎭 䎺 製 𧤊 𧨰 𨡐 𨡘 𨧳 𨨪 𫵨 䱥 鯯 𪘥

References

  • KangXi: page 139, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1961
  • Dae Jaweon: page 315, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5236

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
制*kjeds
淛*kjeds
製*kjeds
掣*kʰjeds, *kʰjed
痸*kʰjeds
猘*kreds

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut a tree. 木 was also written as the related 未.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
制
alternative forms𠛐
𠝁
剬
𠜔

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhì (zhi4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): zi4
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zai3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zai1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): zi4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zi3
  • Min Dong (BUC): cié
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chè / chì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zhr4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
      • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
      • Wade–Giles: chih4
      • Yale: jr̀
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
      • Palladius: чжи (čži)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zai3
      • Yale: jai
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai3
      • Guangdong Romanization: zei3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: zai1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: zi4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
      • Hakka Romanization System: zii
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zi4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: zi4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zi3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
      • Tâi-lô: tsè
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zex
      • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì
      • Tâi-lô: tsì
      • Phofsit Daibuun: cix
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi²¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zi3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsr (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhr4
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇiH/
Rime
Character制
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)章 (23)
Final (韻)祭 (35)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie征例切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ɕiᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡ɕiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ɕjæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ciajH/
Li
Rong		/t͡ɕiɛiH/
Wang
Li		/t͡ɕĭɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡ɕi̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zai3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjeds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character制
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhì
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsyejH ›
Old
Chinese		/*tet-s/
Englishcut out, prepare

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character制
Reading #1/1
No.17377
Phonetic
component		制
Rime
group		祭
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		制
Old
Chinese		/*kjeds/

Definitions

制

  1. to plan; to regulate
  2. to restrict; to limit; to control
  3. to rule; to decide; to overpower
  4. system; law; rules
  5. (historical) edict of ancient Chinese rulers
    • 國君死社稷，大夫死眾，士死制。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      国君死社稷，大夫死众，士死制。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
      Guójūn sǐ shèjì, dàfū sǐ zhòng, shì sǐ zhì. [Pinyin]
      A ruler should die for his altars; a great officer, with the host (he commands); an inferior officer, for his charge.
  6. (historical) mourning rite on behalf of parents' deaths in ancient China
  7. (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to consent to; to agree to
    Synonym: 肯 (kěn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 制

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 制 – see 製 (“to make; to manufacture; to produce; to cut out”).
(This character, 制, is the simplified and variant form of 製.)
Notes:
  • Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore.
  • Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

制

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: せ (se)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 制える)
  • Nanori: いさむ (isamu); おさむ (osamu); さだ (sada); すけ (suke); ただ (tada); のり (nori)

Suffix

制(せい) • (-sei) 

  1. system

Korean

Hanja

制 (eumhun 절제할 제 (jeoljehal je))

  1. Hanja form? of 제 (“plan; regulate”).

Compounds

  • 규제 (規制, gyuje, “regulation, control, restriction”)

Vietnamese

Han character

制: Hán Nôm readings: chế, chới, chơi, choi, xế, xiết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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