请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 刮
释义

刮

See also: 颳
刮 U+522E, 刮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-522E
← 刭
[U+522D]		CJK Unified Ideographs刯 →
[U+522F]

Translingual

Han character

刮 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 22600, composition ⿰舌刂)

Derived characters

  • 𠵯, 𢯔, 𣈛, 𠟥, 𮢏

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 138, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943
  • Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+522E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咶*qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話*ɡroːds
刮*kroːd
鴰*kroːd, *koːd
趏*kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌*ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡*ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢*ɡroːd, *koːd
括*koːd
活*koːd, *ɡoːd
适*koːd, *kʰoːd
栝*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸*koːd, *ɡoːd
髺*koːd
聒*koːd
銛*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀*koːd
懖*koːd
筈*koːd, *kʰoːd
萿*koːd
蛞*kʰoːd
闊*kʰoːd
秳*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
刮
alternative forms𠜜
劀

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): guā (gua1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуа (gua, II)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): koat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guad5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): guah4
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): koat / koah / kuih / koeh / khe / khoe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guêh4 / guah4 / huah4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): kuaq (T4)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: guā
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: gua
      • Wade–Giles: kua1
      • Yale: gwā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
      • Palladius: гуа (gua)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kwä⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, II)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵¹/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gwaat3
      • Yale: gwaat
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat8
      • Guangdong Romanization: guad3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaːt̚³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
      • Hakka Romanization System: guad`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: guad5
      • Sinological IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: guad5
      • Sinological IPA: /kuat̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: guah4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
      • Tâi-lô: kuat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: koad
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
      • Tâi-lô: kuah
      • Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
    • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
      • Tâi-lô: kuih
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
      • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
      • Tâi-lô: kueh
      • Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
      • Tâi-lô: khe
      • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
      • Tâi-lô: khue
      • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
Note:
  • koat - literary;
  • koah - vernacular;
  • kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
  • khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: guêh4 / guah4 / huah4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueh / kuah / huah
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kueʔ²/, /kuaʔ²/, /huaʔ²/
Note:
  • guah4 - equivalent to 颳;
  • huah4 - dialectal ("to sharpen").
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: kuaq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kɯa̱ʔ⁵⁵/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
刮
MandarinBeijing/kua⁵⁵/
Harbin/kua²¹³/ ～風
/kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
Tianjin/kuɑ¹³/
Jinan/kua²¹³/
/kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
Qingdao/kua⁵⁵/ ～風
/kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
Zhengzhou/kua²⁴/
Xi'an/kua²¹/
Xining/kua⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/kua¹³/
Lanzhou/kua¹³/
Ürümqi/kua²¹³/
Wuhan/kua²¹³/
Chengdu/kua³¹/
Guiyang/kua²¹/
Kunming/kua̠³¹/
Nanjing/kuɑʔ⁵/
Hefei/kuɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/kuaʔ²/
Pingyao/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風
/kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
Hohhot/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風
/kua³¹/ 耳～子
WuShanghai/kuaʔ⁵/
Suzhou/kuaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/kuɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/ko²¹³/
HuiShexian/kuaʔ²¹/
Tunxi/kuːə⁵/
XiangChangsha/kua²⁴/
Xiangtan/kuɒ²⁴/
GanNanchang/kuaʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/kuat̚¹/
Taoyuan/kuɑt̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/kwat̚³/
Nanning/kʷat̚³³/
Hong Kong/kwat̚³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/kuat̚³²/
/kuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/kuɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/kua²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/kuaʔ²/
/kueʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan)/kuak̚⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /kˠuɛt̚/
Rime
Character刮
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)刪 (76)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)II
Fanqie古䫄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠuɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/kʷᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/kuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kwəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		/kuɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/kwæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kwat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		gua
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gwaat3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character刮
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		guā
Middle
Chinese		‹ kwæt ›
Old
Chinese		/*[kʷˁ]r[a]t/
Englishscrape (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character刮
Reading #1/1
No.7559
Phonetic
component		桰
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		刮
Old
Chinese		/*kroːd/

Definitions

刮

  1. to shave; to pare off; to scrape
    唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 siu2 sam1 bei2 di1 je5 gwaat3 can1 [Jyutping]
    to accidentally scrape oneself on something
    • 走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
      走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
      From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
      Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”).
  3. to wipe; to sweep
  4. to plunder; to extort
  5. (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold

Compounds

  • 刮削 (guāxuē)
  • 刮痧 (guāshā)
  • 刮目相看 (guāmùxiāngkàn)
  • 打耳刮子
  • 搜刮 (sōuguā)
  • 耳刮子
  • 刮臉／刮脸 (guāliǎn)
  • 刮補／刮补
  • 刮鬍子／刮胡子 (guā húzi)

Descendants

  • → Thai: กวาด (gwàat)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 刮 – see 颳 (“to blow”).
(This character, 刮, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 颳.)
Notes:
  • Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore.
  • Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
刮

Pronunciation

  • Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): guad6
  • Hakka
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: guad6
      • Sinological IPA: /kuat̚⁵/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
刮
MandarinBeijing/kua⁵⁵/
Harbin/kua²¹³/ ～風
/kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
Tianjin/kuɑ¹³/
Jinan/kua²¹³/
/kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
Qingdao/kua⁵⁵/ ～風
/kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
Zhengzhou/kua²⁴/
Xi'an/kua²¹/
Xining/kua⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/kua¹³/
Lanzhou/kua¹³/
Ürümqi/kua²¹³/
Wuhan/kua²¹³/
Chengdu/kua³¹/
Guiyang/kua²¹/
Kunming/kua̠³¹/
Nanjing/kuɑʔ⁵/
Hefei/kuɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/kuaʔ²/
Pingyao/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風
/kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
Hohhot/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風
/kua³¹/ 耳～子
WuShanghai/kuaʔ⁵/
Suzhou/kuaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/kuɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/ko²¹³/
HuiShexian/kuaʔ²¹/
Tunxi/kuːə⁵/
XiangChangsha/kua²⁴/
Xiangtan/kuɒ²⁴/
GanNanchang/kuaʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/kuat̚¹/
Taoyuan/kuɑt̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/kwat̚³/
Nanning/kʷat̚³³/
Hong Kong/kwat̚³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/kuat̚³²/
/kuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/kuɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/kua²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/kuaʔ²/
/kueʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan)/kuak̚⁵/

Definitions

刮

  1. (Hakka) very
    刮唔好意思 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  guad6 m2 hau3 yi4 si1 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  very embarrassed

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)很, 非常, 十分
MandarinBeijing挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Tianjin挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan挺, 楞
Xi'an很
Wuhan蠻, 很
Chengdu很, 好
Chongqing很
Yangzhou蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei很
Malaysia很
Singapore很, 蠻, 非常
CantoneseGuangzhou好, 非常之
Hong Kong好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
Zhongshan (Shiqi)好
Taishan好, 十分之
Yangjiang好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)好
Singapore (Guangfu)好, 非常之, 非常
GanNanchang蠻
HakkaMeixian好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling)好
Wuhua (Meilin)好
Shaoguan (Qujiang)頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)好
Changting野
Wuping (Pingyu)已, 刮
Liancheng樣
Ninghua好
Ruijin蠻
Shicheng蠻
Shangyou (Shexi)蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian)當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong好
Sabah (Bao'an)好
Kuching (Hepo)很
Singapore (Dabu)好
JinTaiyuan很, 挺
Min BeiJian'ou盡
Min DongFuzhou野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing)真
Manjung (Gutian)真
Min NanXiamen真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正
Xiamen (Tong'an)真
Quanzhou真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人
Jinjiang野
Zhangzhou盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人
Zhao'an很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan真, 非常
Taipei真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia)真, 誠
Kaohsiung有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang)真, 誠
Taichung誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu真, 誠
Kinmen足, 誠
Penghu (Magong)真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien)真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien)真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien)野, 真, 萬代, 真正
Chaozhou過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai)好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang)好, 非常
Jieyang過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew)好
Johor Bahru (Teochew)好
Singapore (Teochew)真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang極, 但顧, 真
Haikou但顧
Qionghai但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese)但顧, 真
WuShanghai蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou蠻
Ningbo交關, 蠻, 堪, 𠊉好, 𠊉派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou蠻, 蒙, 顯
XiangChangsha很, 蠻
Shuangfeng蠻

Japanese

Kanji

刮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): かつ (katsu); けち (kechi)
  • Kun: けずる (kezuru, 刮る); きさぐ (kisagu, 刮ぐ); きさげ (kisage); こそぐ (kosogu, 刮ぐ); こそげる (kosogeru, 刮げる)

Compounds

  • 刮(かつ)眼(がん) (katsugan)
  • 刮(かつ)目(もく) (katsumoku)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 刮 (MC kˠuɛt̚).

Hanja

Wikisource刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))

  1. Hanja form? of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 괄목 (刮目, gwalmok)
  • 괄삭 (刮削, gwalsak)
  • 괄구마광 (刮垢摩光, gwalgumagwang)
  • 괄목상대 (刮目相對, gwalmoksangdae)
  • 귀배괄모 (龜背刮毛, gwibaegwalmo)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

  • 𠜵 (quát)[1]

Han character

刮: Hán Việt readings: quát[2][1][3]
刮: Nôm readings: quát[1][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”).
  2. Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).

References

  1. Bonet (1899).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Génibrel (1898).
  4. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
随便看

　

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/10/20 20:29:45