判官

判官

Chinese

		to judge; to sentence; to discriminate to judge; to sentence; to discriminate; to discern	official; government; organ of body
simp. and trad. (判官)		判	官

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pànguān

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pun³ gun¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'pong³ guon¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phan-kôn
• Jin (Wiktionary): pan³ guan¹
• Min Nan (POJ): phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
• Wu (Wiktionary): phoe kuoe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pànguān
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pànguan
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan⁴-kuan¹
    • Yale: pàn-gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pannguan
    • Palladius: паньгуань (panʹguanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵¹ kwän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pun³ gun¹
    • Yale: pun gūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pun³ gun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pun³ gun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn³³ kuːn⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'pong³ guon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpʰɔŋ²¹³⁻¹³ kuɵn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan-kôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: pan gon´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pan⁴ gon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵ kon²⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: pan³ guan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxæ̃⁴⁵ kuæ̃¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phuànn-kuann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvoarkvoaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: phoe kuoe (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰø³³ kv̩ʷø⁴⁴/

Noun

判官

1. (historical) magistrate (clarification of this definition is needed)
2. (regional) judge
3. (Chinese mythology) official who assists Yama in the underworld

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
判	官
はん Grade: 5	かん > がん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Literary Chinese 判官.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) は​んがん [háꜜǹgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [hã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

判(はん)官(がん) • (hangan) 

1. (historical, in feudal China, government, law) a judge or magistrate
2. (uncommon, government, law) Synonym of 裁判官 (saibankan, “judge; justice”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
判	官
はん > ほう Grade: 5	かん > がん Grade: 4
irregular	on’yomi

はんがん → はうがん → ほうがん

Miyamoto no Yoshitsune was a 尉 (jō, see 判官 (jō)) at a 検非違使 (Kebiishi, “Judicial Department”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほ​ーがん [hóꜜògàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɡã̠ɴ]

判(ほう)官(がん) • (hōgan) 

1. Synonym of 判官 (jō)

Proper noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (Hōgan) 

1. Synonym of 源義経 (Miyamoto no Yoshitsune)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
判	官
ぞう
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
判	官
じょう
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

From the on-reading of 丞 (jō, literally “help; assistant”), one of the many department/agency-specific spellings of 判官 itself, in this case specific to a 省 (shō, “ministry”). The alternative reading, ぞう, is a result of depalatalization which is not uncommon.

じょう → ぞう

Alternative forms

• 祐 (神祇官 (Jingikan, “Department of Gods”))
• 丞 (省 (shō, “ministries”))
• 進 (職 (shiki))
• 允 (寮 (ryō))
• 佑 (司 (shi))
• 尉 (兵衛府 (Hyōefu) and 衛門府 (Emonfu))
• 掾 (国司 (kokushi, “governor's offices”))

Noun

判官(じょう) or 判官(ぞう) • (jō or zō) 

1. (historical, government) the third rank among the 四等官 (Shitōkan, “Four Ranks”), a system ranking and entitling officials under the 律令 (Ritsuryō); this is the most generic spelling; for each department and agency, a specific spelling and alternative readings of that spelling might be preferred

   Coordinate terms: 長官 (kami), 主典 (sakan), 次官 (suke)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
判	官
まつりごとびと
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
政人

政 (matsurigoto, “governance”) +‎ 人 (-bito, “person”). The hito reading for 人 changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

判官(まつりごとびと) • (matsurigotobito) 

1. Synonym of 判官 (jō)