分別

分別

See also: 分别

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng	other; distinguish; contrary other; distinguish; contrary; difficult; awkward; leave; depart; separate; classify; another; do not; must not; to pin
trad. (分別)		分	別
simp. (分别)		分	别

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fēnbié

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): fen¹ bie²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фынбе (fɨnbi͡ə, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ bit⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-phe̍t
• Min Dong (BUC): hŭng-biék
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hun-pia̍t / hun-piat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ biag⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēnbié
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fenbié
    • Wade–Giles: fên¹-pieh²
    • Yale: fēn-byé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenbye
    • Palladius: фэньбе (fɛnʹbe)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ pjɛ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fen¹ bie²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fenbie
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ piɛ²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фынбе (fɨnbi͡ə, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fəŋ²⁴ piə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fan¹ bit⁶
    • Yale: fān biht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ bit⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ bid⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ piːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-phe̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: fun´ ped
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ ped⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰet̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-biék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(p-)miɛʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-pia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hun-pia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunpiat
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ piɛt̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-piat
    • Tâi-lô: hun-piat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunpiad
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛt̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung¹ biag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung pia̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³⁻²³ piak̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /pɨun  bˠiᴇt̚|pˠiᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	分	別	別
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	仙 (83)	仙 (83)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	皮列切	方别切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/bˠiᴇt̚/	/pˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/bᵚiɛt̚/	/pᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/biæt̚/	/piæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/biat̚/	/piat̚/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/bjɛt̚/	/pjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/bĭɛt̚/	/pĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/bʱi̯ɛt̚/	/pi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	bié	bie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1	bit6	bit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n]  N-pret|pret/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn  pred|bred/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	別	別
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	bié	bié
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ bjet ›	‹ pjet ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*N-pret/	/*pret/
English	divide	be separated (intr.)	separate (tr.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	別	別
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
No.	3148	820	821
Phonetic component	分	别	别
Rime group	文	月	月
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	分	䇷	别
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*pred/	/*bred/

Verb

分別

1. to part; to leave each other
2. to distinguish; to differentiate

   從左至右分別為……／从左至右分别为……  ―  cóng zuǒ zhì yòu fēnbié wéi......  ―  from left to right are...

Synonyms

• (to part):

edit

分離／分离 (fēnlí) 別離／别离 (biélí) (literary)

離別／离别 (líbié)

• (to distinguish):

edit

Synonyms of 分別

分 (fēn) (literary, or in compounds) 分化 (fēnhuà) 分辨 (fēnbiàn) 辨明 (biànmíng) 辨析 (biànxī) (to differentiate and analyze) 辨白 (biànbái) (literary) 分揀／分拣 (fēnjiǎn) (literary) 判別／判别 (pànbié) 別白／别白 (biébái) (literary) 劃分／划分 (huàfēn) 區／区 (qū) (literary, or in compounds)

區分／区分 (qūfēn) 區別／区别 (qūbié) 區劃／区划 (qūhuà) (literary) 甄別／甄别 (zhēnbié) 認／认 (rèn) (literary, or in compounds) 識別／识别 (shíbié) 辨別／辨别 (biànbié) 辨認／辨认 (biànrèn) 辨識／辨识 (biànshí) 鑒別／鉴别 (jiànbié) 鑒識／鉴识 (jiànshí)

Adverb

分別

1. separately
2. respectively

Noun

分別

1. difference

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 分別

不同 (bùtóng) 不同之處/不同之处 (bùtóng zhī chù) 出入 (chūrù) 差分 (chāfēn) 差等 (cīděng) (literary) 差距 (chājù) 精差 (Min Nan)

落差 (luòchā) (typically between reality and one's expectations) 分界線／分界线 (fēnjièxiàn) (figurative) 區別／区别 (qūbié) 差別／差别 (chābié) 差異／差异 (chāyì) 誤差／误差 (wùchā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (分別):

• → Japanese: 分別(ふんべつ) (funbetsu)
• → Korean: 분별(分別) (bunbyeol)
• → Vietnamese: phân biệt (分別)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	別
ぶん Grade: 2	べつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

分(ぶん)別(べつ) • (bunbetsu) 

1. sorting, classification

Verb

分(ぶん)別(べつ)する • (bunbetsu suru) suru (stem 分(ぶん)別(べつ)し (bunbetsu shi), past 分(ぶん)別(べつ)した (bunbetsu shita))

1. sort (separate according to certain criteria), classify

Conjugation

Conjugation of "分別する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	分別し	ぶんべつし	bunbetsu shi
Continuative (連用形)	分別し	ぶんべつし	bunbetsu shi
Terminal (終止形)	分別する	ぶんべつする	bunbetsu suru
Attributive (連体形)	分別する	ぶんべつする	bunbetsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	分別すれ	ぶんべつすれ	bunbetsu sure
Imperative (命令形)	分別せよ¹ 分別しろ²	ぶんべつせよ¹ ぶんべつしろ²	bunbetsu seyo¹ bunbetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	分別される	ぶんべつされる	bunbetsu sareru
Causative	分別させる 分別さす	ぶんべつさせる ぶんべつさす	bunbetsu saseru bunbetsu sasu
Potential	分別できる	ぶんべつできる	bunbetsu dekiru
Volitional	分別しよう	ぶんべつしよう	bunbetsu shiyō
Negative	分別しない	ぶんべつしない	bunbetsu shinai
Negative continuative	分別せず	ぶんべつせず	bunbetsu sezu
Formal	分別します	ぶんべつします	bunbetsu shimasu
Perfective	分別した	ぶんべつした	bunbetsu shita
Conjunctive	分別して	ぶんべつして	bunbetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	分別すれば	ぶんべつすれば	bunbetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Noun

分別(ふんべつ) • (funbetsu) 

1. sense (sound judgement), discretion

Derived terms

• 分別盛(ふんべつざか)り (funbetsuzakari)
• 分別(ふんべつ)くさい (funbetsukusai, “prudent-looking”)

Verb

分別(ふんべつ)する • (funbetsu suru) suru (stem 分別(ふんべつ)し (funbetsu shi), past 分別(ふんべつ)した (funbetsu shita))

1. discern

Conjugation

Conjugation of "分別する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	分別し	ふんべつし	funbetsu shi
Continuative (連用形)	分別し	ふんべつし	funbetsu shi
Terminal (終止形)	分別する	ふんべつする	funbetsu suru
Attributive (連体形)	分別する	ふんべつする	funbetsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	分別すれ	ふんべつすれ	funbetsu sure
Imperative (命令形)	分別せよ¹ 分別しろ²	ふんべつせよ¹ ふんべつしろ²	funbetsu seyo¹ funbetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	分別される	ふんべつされる	funbetsu sareru
Causative	分別させる 分別さす	ふんべつさせる ふんべつさす	funbetsu saseru funbetsu sasu
Potential	分別できる	ふんべつできる	funbetsu dekiru
Volitional	分別しよう	ふんべつしよう	funbetsu shiyō
Negative	分別しない	ふんべつしない	funbetsu shinai
Negative continuative	分別せず	ふんべつせず	funbetsu sezu
Formal	分別します	ふんべつします	funbetsu shimasu
Perfective	分別した	ふんべつした	funbetsu shita
Conjunctive	分別して	ふんべつして	funbetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	分別すれば	ふんべつすれば	funbetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
分	別

Verb

分別

1. chữ Hán form of phân biệt (“to distinguish, to discriminate, to discern”).