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单词 刀
释义

刀

See also: ㄉ and 力
刀 U+5200, 刀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5200
← 凿
[U+51FF]		CJK Unified Ideographs刁 →
[U+5201]
⼑ U+2F11, ⼑
KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE
← ⼐
[U+2F10]		Kangxi Radicals⼒ →
[U+2F12]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 刂 (when used as a right radical component)

Han character

刀 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 17220, composition ⿹𠃌丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/刀
  • 𫢈, 叨, 𪥂, 𭑪, 忉, 㧅, 𣱼, 𨸓, 辺, 𫼔, 𣃗, 旫, 朷, 𣬞, 灱, 𭸵, 𥘉, 𤿇, 𥐛, 𬇉, 糿, 舠, 虭, 𮕝, 釖, 𩉛, 䫸, 䬢, 𬀶, 䂶, 魛(鱽), 𪐛, 𪔹
  • 𪠤, 𬰿, 鳭, 𠬛, 召, 𡔛, 𡴻, 𢖫, 𬅷, 𭷔, 𤰄, 𥁀, 𭇌, 𠱛, 𧌣, 𤎘, 𬺳, 叧, 屶, 芀, 𦦟, 𣱕, 𢦓, 𤴬, 𠥭, 辧, 齊, 䐡, 韲

Descendants

  • ㄉ (Zhuyin alphabet)
  • ㆵ (Bopomofo extended character)

References

  • KangXi: page 135, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 319, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5200

Chinese

simp. and trad.
刀
alternative forms𠚣
不銹鋼及陶瓷刀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 刀
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刀*taːw
忉*taːw
魛*taːw
舠*taːw
朷*taːw, *moːɡ
叨*tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒*taːwʔ, *taːws
到*taːws
菿*taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀*deːw
鳭*rteːw, *teːw
灱*hreːw
菬*sdew, *tjewʔ
超*tʰew
怊*tʰew, *tʰjew
欩*tʰew
召*dews, *djews
昭*tjew
招*tjew
鉊*tjew
沼*tjewʔ
照*tjews
詔*tjews
炤*tjews
弨*tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧*tʰjewʔ
韶*djew
佋*djew, *djewʔ
軺*djew, *lew
玿*djew
柖*djew
紹*djewʔ
袑*djewʔ
綤*djewʔ
邵*djews
劭*djews
卲*djews
刁*teːw
芀*teːw, *deːw
貂*teːw
蛁*teːw
迢*deːw
苕*deːw
髫*deːw
岧*deːw

Pictogram (象形) – a knife.

Etymology 1

Unclear. Here are several proposals:

  • Schuessler (2007) considers this to be an area word or a word widely borrowed from Chinese into other languages; compare Proto-Karen *ʔdɔ (“knife”), Jingpho [script needed] (n³¹-do³¹, “short knife”), Proto-Vietic *-taːw (“knife”), Bulo Stieng taaw;
  • Stephen Baron posits Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-w, with a sparsely attested suffix *-w retained in Sinitic yet lost in Tibeto-Burman, yielding Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ta (“knife; axe; sword”); compare Tibetan སྟ་རེ (sta re, “axe; hatchet”), Burmese ဓား (dha:, “knife; sword”), Proto-Loloish *ta² (“knife”) (STEDT);
  • Starostin derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tā̆w ~ *dā̆w, comparing it to Tibetan [script needed] (sto, “carpenter's axe”) and Jingpho nhtu (“sword”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): dāo (dao1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ
    (Chengdu, SP): dao1
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): до (do, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): dou1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): au1*, au1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): dau1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tô
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dau1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): dau1
  • Min Bei (KCR): dáu
  • Min Dong (BUC): dŏ̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): to
    (Teochew, Peng'im): do1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tau (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): dau1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: dao
      • Wade–Giles: tao1
      • Yale: dāu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
      • Palladius: дао (dao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: dao1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dao
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: до (do, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɔ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: dou1
      • Yale: dōu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dou1
      • Guangdong Romanization: dou1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: au1*, au1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /au³³⁻³³⁵/, /au³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: dau1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tô
      • Hakka Romanization System: do´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: do1
      • Sinological IPA: /to²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: dau1
      • Sinological IPA: /tau⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: dau1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tau¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dáu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏ̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /to⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
      • Tâi-lô: to
      • Phofsit Daibuun: doy
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /to³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: do1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: to
      • Sinological IPA (key): /to³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tau (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɔ⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: dau1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɒu³³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
刀
MandarinBeijing/tɑu⁵⁵/
Harbin/tau⁴⁴/
Tianjin/tɑu²¹/
Jinan/tɔ²¹³/
Qingdao/tɔ²¹³/
Zhengzhou/tau²⁴/
Xi'an/tau²¹/
Xining/tɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/tɔ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou/tɔ³¹/
Ürümqi/tɔ⁴⁴/
Wuhan/tau⁵⁵/
Chengdu/tau⁵⁵/
Guiyang/tao⁵⁵/
Kunming/tɔ⁴⁴/
Nanjing/tɔo³¹/
Hefei/tɔ²¹/
JinTaiyuan/tau¹¹/
Pingyao/tɔ¹³/
Hohhot/tɔ³¹/
WuShanghai/tɔ⁵³/
Suzhou/tæ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/tɔ³³/
Wenzhou/tɜ³³/
HuiShexian/tɔ³¹/
Tunxi/tə¹¹/
XiangChangsha/tau³³/
Xiangtan/taɯ³³/
GanNanchang/tɑu⁴²/
HakkaMeixian/tau⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/to²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/tou⁵³/
Nanning/tu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/tou⁵⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/to⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/to⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/tau⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/to³³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/ʔdo²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /tɑu/
Rime
Character刀
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)端 (5)
Final (韻)豪 (89)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie都勞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/tɑu/
Pan
Wuyun		/tɑu/
Shao
Rongfen		/tɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/taw/
Li
Rong		/tɑu/
Wang
Li		/tɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren		/tɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		dāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		dou1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character刀
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		dāo
Middle
Chinese		‹ taw ›
Old
Chinese		/*C.tˁaw/
Englishknife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character刀
Reading #1/1
No.2108
Phonetic
component		刀
Rime
group		宵
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		/*taːw/

Definitions

刀

  1. knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c g h j mb md w x; 張／张 c h; 叢／丛 mn; 支 mn mn-t)
  2. single-edged sword; cutlass
  3. Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
  4. Classifier for incisions with a knife, blade, single-edged sword, etc.
    • 愛將我的我的心肝插一刀 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
      爱将我的我的心肝插一刀 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
      From: 2018, 黃妃／黄妃 (Huang Fei), 心肝插一刀
      ài chiong góa ê góa ê sim-koaⁿ chhah chi̍t to [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      Love has stabbed my, my heart with a knife
  5. (neologism, Internet) to bargain; to negotiate on price
    • 轉一張1026上海演唱會門票，原價880，可小刀。 [MSC, trad.]
      转一张1026上海演唱会门票，原价880，可小刀。 [MSC, simp.]
      From:
      Zhuǎn yī zhāng 10 26 shànghǎi yǎnchànghuì ménpiào, yuánjià 880, kě xiǎo dāo. [Pinyin]
      Reselling an October 26 Shanghai concert ticket, original price 880, small negotiations available
  6. a surname (only common among Tai people)
    刀世勛／刀世勋  ―  Dāo Shìxūn  ―  Dao Shixun

Synonyms

  • (knife):
Dialectal synonyms of 刀 (“knife; blade”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)刀
MandarinBeijing刀
Jinan刀
Xi'an刀
Wuhan刀, 刀子
Chengdu刀
Yangzhou刀
Hefei刀
Singapore刀
CantoneseGuangzhou刀
Hong Kong刀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)刀
Macau刀
Guangzhou (Panyu)刀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)刀
Guangzhou (Conghua)刀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)刀
Foshan刀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)刀
Foshan (Shunde)刀
Foshan (Sanshui)刀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)刀
Zhongshan (Shiqi)刀
Zhuhai (Qianshan)刀
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)刀
Zhuhai (Doumen)刀
Jiangmen (Baisha)刀
Jiangmen (Xinhui)刀
Taishan刀
Kaiping (Chikan)刀
Enping (Niujiang)刀
Heshan (Yayao)刀
Dongguan刀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)刀
Yangjiang刀
Singapore (Guangfu)刀
GanNanchang刀
HakkaMeixian刀
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)刀
Dongguan (Qingxi)刀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)刀
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)刀
Conghua (Lütian)刀
JinTaiyuan刀子
Min BeiJian'ou刀
Min DongFuzhou刀
Min NanXiamen刀
Quanzhou刀
Zhangzhou刀
Penang (Hokkien)刀
Singapore (Hokkien)刀
Chaozhou刀
Singapore (Teochew)刀
Singapore (Hainanese)刀
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)刀
WuSuzhou刀
Wenzhou刀
XiangChangsha刀
Shuangfeng刀, 刀子
  • (to bargain):
edit
  • 砍價／砍价 (kǎnjià) (colloquial)
  • 討價／讨价 (tǎojià)
  • 討價還價／讨价还价 (tǎojiàhuánjià)
  • 講價／讲价 (jiǎngjià)
  • 講價錢／讲价钱 (jiǎng jiàqián)
  • 議價／议价 (yìjià)
  • 還價／还价 (huánjià)
  • 駁價／驳价 (bójià)

Compounds

Derived terms from 刀

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刀):
  • → Japanese: 刀(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 도(刀) (do)
  • → Vietnamese: đao (刀)

Others:

  • → Khmer: ដាវ (daaw)
  • → Vietnamese: dao
  • → White Hmong: tob

Etymology 2

From English dollar.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dāo (dao1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: dao
      • Wade–Giles: tao1
      • Yale: dāu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
      • Palladius: дао (dao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

刀

  1. (Mandarin, neologism, colloquial) dollar
Synonyms
  • (Cantonese) 蚊

Compounds

  • 加刀
  • 港刀
  • 澳刀
  • 紐刀／纽刀
  • 美刀

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 刀 – see 刁 (“treacherous; crafty; deceitful; to tempt; etc.”).
(This character, 刀, is a variant form of 刁.)

Japanese

Kanji

刀

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: と (to); とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
  • Kun: かたな (katana, 刀, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: き (ki); ち (chi); わき (waki)

Compounds

Compounds with irregular readings of 刀
  • 薙(なぎ)刀(なた) (naginata): a traditional Japanese halberd
  • 太刀(たち) (tachi): a traditional Japanese longsword
  • 馬刀(まて)貝(がい) (mategai): a razor clam

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
刀
かたな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
釖 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Compound of 片 (kata, “one side”) +‎ な (na, “edge”).[2][3][4] This na element is spelled in monolingual Japanese sources as 刃 (“edge, blade”), but there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) かたな​ [kàtánáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[3][5][6]
  • (Tokyo) かた​な [kàtáꜜnà] (Nakadaka – [2])[3][5][6]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ta̠na̠]

Noun

刀(かたな) • (katana) 

  1. [from 720] (weaponry) a single-edged sword, such as a katana
    • 1999 September 23, “鎧(よろい)武(む)者(しゃ)ゾンビ [Armored Musha Zombie]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
      怨(おん)念(ねん)により蘇(よみがえ)った武(む)者(しゃ)。闇(やみ)雲(くも)にふりまわすカタナに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
      Onnen ni yori yomigaetta musha. Yamikumo ni furimawasu katana ni chūi.
      A musha reanimated by deep hatred. Watch out when he brandishes his katana.
    Coordinate terms: 剣 (tsurugi, “double-edged sword”), 脇差 (wakizashi, “traditional Japanese shortsword”), 短刀 (tantō, “traditional Japanese knife or dagger”), 大小 (daishō, ““big and small”: the katana and wakizashi as a set”)
  2. [from 934] a small single-edged blade
    Synonym: 切れ物 (kiremono)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 刀(かたな)市(いち) (katana ichi): a sword market
  • 刀(かたな)引(びき) (katanabiki): giving a sword worn on one's hip to another as a gift at a banquet or other social gathering
  • 小(こ)刀(がたな) (kogatana): a small knife, a penknife, a pocketknife, a jackknife
  • 腰(こし)刀(がたな) (koshigatana): a hip-sword, smaller than a katana and with no 鍔 (tsuba, “sword guard”)
Idioms
Idioms
  • 刀(かたな)折(お)れ矢(や)尽(つ)きる (katana ore ya tsukiru): “swords bent, out of arrows” → completely routed, a complete loss in battle
  • 刀(かたな)に懸(か)けて (katana ni kakete): “[depending, swearing] on one's sword” → a metaphor for firm resolve to see something through
  • 刀(かたな)の錆(さ)び (katana no sabi): “sword rust” → a metaphor for killing someone or being killed, from the way that blood can cause the steel of a sword to rust; a derogatory term for someone who isn't even worth soiling a sword

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
刀
とう
Grade: 2
kan’on

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刀 (MC tɑu). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo).

First cited as an independent noun to a text from 1895.[2] Cited in compounds since at least the 800s CE.[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) と​ー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][5][6]
  • IPA(key): [to̞ː]

Affix

刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 800s] sword, knife, blade

Noun

刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 1908] a sword, a katana
    Synonyms: 刀 (katana), 刀剣 (tōken)
  2. [from 1895] a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
    Synonym: メス (mesu)
  3. [from 1913] a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
    Synonyms: 刀銭 (tōsen), 刀泉 (tōsen)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Terms beginning with 刀:
  • 刀(とう)下(か) (tōka): the underside or back of a blade
  • 刀(とう)架(か) (tōka): a sword stand
  • 刀(とう)剣(けん) (tōken): a sword in general, either single- or double-bladed
  • 刀(とう)工(こう) (tōkō): a swordsmith
  • 刀(とう)貨(せん) (tōsen): a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword

Terms ending with 刀:

  • 斬(ざん)馬(ば)刀(とう) (zanbatō): an especially large, curved sword
  • 小(しょう)刀(とう) (shōtō): a small knife, short sword
  • 大(だい)刀(とう) (daitō): a long sword, a katana
  • 短(たん)刀(とう) (tantō): a short sword
  • 直(ちょく)刀(とう) (chokutō): a straight sword
  • 日(に)本(ほん)刀(とう) (nihontō): a katana, a Japanese sword, a long sword with a single-edge
  • 木(ぼく)刀(とう) (bokutō): a wooden sword

References

  1. “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  6. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 刀 (MC tɑu).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448도ᇢ (Yale: twòw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527갈〮 (Yale: kál)도 (Yale: twò)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞]
  • Phonetic hangul: [도]

Hanja

Wikisource刀 (eumhun 칼 도 (kal do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“sword; knife”). [affix]

Compounds

Compounds
  • 단도 (短刀, dando)
  • 대도 (大刀, daedo)
  • 도검 (刀劍, dogeom)
  • 도공 (刀工, dogong)
  • 도병 (刀兵, dobyeong)
  • 도장 (刀匠, dojang)
  • 면도 (面刀, myeondo)
  • 명도 (名刀, myeongdo)
  • 석도 (石刀, seokdo)
  • 쌍도 (雙刀, ssangdo)
  • 장도 (長刀, jangdo)
  • 죽도 (竹刀, jukdo)
  • 집도 (執刀, jipdo)
  • 환도 (環刀, hwando)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Korean

Particle

刀 (*-two)

  1. as well; too; either, or (negative) neither, nor

Descendants

  • Middle Korean: 도〮 (-twó)
    • Korean: 도 (-do)

Vietnamese

Han character

刀: Hán Nôm readings: đao, dao, đeo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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