凝集

凝集

Chinese

		congeal; concentrate attention	to gather; to collect; collected works
simp. and trad. (凝集)		凝	集

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): níngjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ zaap⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): gêng-chi̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: níngjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjyi
    • IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ zaap⁶
    • Yale: yìhng jaahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ dzaap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ zab⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ t͡säːp̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêng-chi̍p
    • Tâi-lô: gîng-tsi̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gengcip
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /giɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕip̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡ɕip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /giɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕip̚⁴/

Verb

凝集

1. to gather, to concentrate

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
凝	集
ぎょう Grade: S	しゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 凝聚

The 凝集 spelling is more common.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) ぎょーしゅう [gyòóshúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ɡʲo̞ːɕɨᵝː]

Noun

凝集 (hiragana ぎょうしゅう, rōmaji gyōshū, historical hiragana ぎようしふ)

1. clumping, cohesion, agglutination, coagulation, flocculation

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 凝 (ぎょう)集 (しゅう)原 (げん) (gyōshūgen): a reagent that causes an agglutination reaction
• 凝 (ぎょう)集 (しゅう)素 (そ) (gyōshūso): (medicine) agglutinin
• 凝 (ぎょう)集 (しゅう)反 (はん)応 (のう) (gyōshū hannō): (medicine) an agglutination reaction
• 凝集力 (ぎょうしゅうりょく) (gyōshūryoku): cohesiveness, cohesive strength
• 凝集剤 (ぎょうしゅうざい) (gyōshūzai): (engineering) a coagulant; (chemistry) a flocculant
• 凝集薬 (ぎょうしゅうやく) (gyōshūyaku): (medicine) a coagulant

Verb

凝集する (intransitive, hiragana ぎょうしゅうする, rōmaji gyōshū suru, historical hiragana ぎようしふする)

1. to clump together, to cohere, to agglutinate, to coagulate, to flocculate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凝集する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	凝集し	ぎょうしゅうし	gyōshū shi
Continuative (連用形)	凝集し	ぎょうしゅうし	gyōshū shi
Terminal (終止形)	凝集する	ぎょうしゅうする	gyōshū suru
Attributive (連体形)	凝集する	ぎょうしゅうする	gyōshū suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	凝集すれ	ぎょうしゅうすれ	gyōshū sure
Imperative (命令形)	凝集せよ¹ 凝集しろ²	ぎょうしゅうせよ¹ ぎょうしゅうしろ²	gyōshū seyo¹ gyōshū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	凝集される	ぎょうしゅうされる	gyōshū sareru
Causative	凝集させる 凝集さす	ぎょうしゅうさせる ぎょうしゅうさす	gyōshū saseru gyōshū sasu
Potential	凝集できる	ぎょうしゅうできる	gyōshū dekiru
Volitional	凝集しよう	ぎょうしゅうしよう	gyōshū shiyō
Negative	凝集しない	ぎょうしゅうしない	gyōshū shinai
Negative continuative	凝集せず	ぎょうしゅうせず	gyōshū sezu
Formal	凝集します	ぎょうしゅうします	gyōshū shimasu
Perfective	凝集した	ぎょうしゅうした	gyōshū shita
Conjunctive	凝集して	ぎょうしゅうして	gyōshū shite
Hypothetical conditional	凝集すれば	ぎょうしゅうすれば	gyōshū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN