冤

See also: 寃

冤	U+51A4, 冤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A4

← 冣
[U+51A3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冥 →
[U+51A5]

冤	U+2F818, 冤 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F818

← 冗
[U+2F817]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

仌 →
[U+2F819]

Translingual

Han character

冤 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月弓日戈 (BNAI) or 月弓山戈 (BNUI), four-corner 3741₃, composition ⿱冖兔)

Derived characters

𣍍蒬

References

KangXi: page 130, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1587
Dae Jaweon: page 293, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 305, character 1
Unihan data for U+51A4
Unihan data for U+2F818

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冤
alternative forms		寃𡨚𠕤𡨘惌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冤	*qon
蒬	*qon

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuān (yuan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ
(Chengdu, SP): yuan¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jyun¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
(Meixian, Guangdong): yan¹
Min Bei (KCR): ṳ́ing
Min Dong (BUC): uŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): oan / un
(Teochew, Peng'im): uêng¹ / uang¹
Wu (Wiktionary): yoe (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
  - Wade–Giles: yüan¹
  - Yale: ywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun¹
  - Yale: yūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ian⁴⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
  - Tâi-lô: uan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /uan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
  - Tâi-lô: un
  - Phofsit Daibuun: wn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /un³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/

Note:

oan - literary;
un - vernacular (limited, e.g. 冤屈).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uêng¹ / uang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ueng / uang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ueŋ³³/, /uaŋ³³/

Note:

uêng1 - Chaozhou;
uang1 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: yoe (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔʉɐn/

Rime
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
No.	16094
Phonetic component	冤
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴛
Old Chinese	/*qon/
Notes	後或作寃

Definitions

冤

to wrong; to treat unjustly
not cost-effective
(literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust
(literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred

Synonyms

(grievance): 委屈 (wěiqu)
(enmity):

edit

仇怨 (chóuyuàn)
仇恨 (chóuhèn)
冤仇 (yuānchóu)

嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
怨恨 (yuànhèn)

梁子 (Sichuan)
敵意／敌意 (díyì)

Antonyms

(not cost-effective):

edit

Synonyms of 冤

上算 (shàngsuàn)
化算 (Cantonese)
合算 (hésuàn)
抵 (Cantonese)
划算 (huásuàn)

優惠／优惠 (yōuhuì)
合摟兒／合搂儿 (hélòur) (Beijing)
實惠／实惠 (shíhuì)
會值得／会值得 (Min Nan)

會行得／会行得 (Min Nan)
盤／盘 (pán) (Min Nan)
盤頭／盘头 (Min Nan)
經濟／经济 (jīngjì)

Compounds

Derived terms from 冤

不白之冤 (bùbáizhīyuān)
九命奇冤
伸冤
俏冤家
冤人
冤仇 (yuānchóu)
冤兜
冤天屈地
冤孽
冤家 (yuānjiā)
冤家路窄 (yuānjiālùzhǎi)
冤屈 (yuānqū)
冤情
冤抑
冤枉 (yuānwang)
冤枉路 (yuānwanglù)
冤桶
冤禽
冤苦
冤魂 (yuānhún)
冤魂不散
受冤
吃冤枉
含冤 (hányuān)
含冤昭雪

告冤
喊冤
喊冤叫屈
埋冤
夙世冤家
大冤
孽冤
宿世冤家
小冤家
尺二冤家
抱冤 (bàoyuān)
昭冤申枉
沉冤 (chényuān)
沉冤昭雪 (chényuānzhāoxuě)
沉冤莫白
申冤 (shēnyuān)
蒙冤
覆盆之冤
雪冤 (xuěyuān)
冤冤相報／冤冤相报 (yuānyuānxiāngbào)
冤大頭／冤大头 (yuāndàtóu)
冤家路狹／冤家路狭
冤枉氣／冤枉气
冤枉錢／冤枉钱 (yuānwangqián)
冤業／冤业

冤獄／冤狱 (yuānyù)
冤苦錢／冤苦钱
冤讎／冤雠
冤頭／冤头 (yuāntóu)
含冤負屈／含冤负屈
報冤／报冤
奇冤極枉／奇冤极枉
懷冤抱屈／怀冤抱屈 (huáiyuānbàoqū)
擊鼓申冤／击鼓申冤
業冤／业冤
歡喜冤家／欢喜冤家
煩冤／烦冤
空頭冤家／空头冤家
竇娥冤／窦娥冤
訴冤／诉冤
負屈含冤／负屈含冤
負屈銜冤／负屈衔冤
辯冤／辩冤
銜冤／衔冤
銜冤負屈／衔冤负屈
鐵死冤家／铁死冤家
風流冤孽／风流冤孽
風流冤業／风流冤业
鳴冤／鸣冤 (míngyuān)
鳴冤叫屈／鸣冤叫屈

References

“冤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

冤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

false charge
hatred

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)
Kun: ぬれぎぬ (nureginu, 冤); かがむ (kagamu)

Noun

冤(えん) • (en)

false charge

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冤 (MC ʔʉɐn). Recorded as Middle Korean 寃/원 (wen) (Yale: wen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won))

Hanja form^? of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”).

Compounds

원통 (寃痛, wontong)
원옥 (冤獄, wonok)
원혼 (冤魂, wonhon)
원죄 (冤罪, wonjoe)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

冤: Hán Nôm readings: oan

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