冠

See also: 冦

冠	U+51A0, 冠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A0

← 冟
[U+519F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冡 →
[U+51A1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冠 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 3721₄, composition ⿱冖㝴)

Derived characters

蒄

References

KangXi: page 130, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
Unihan data for U+51A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冠
alternative forms		𠖌𭁺𠙙𠜍𢃙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冠	kŋoːn, kŋoːns
莞	kŋoːn, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	ŋoːn, ŋoːns
蚖	ŋoːn, ŋon
黿	ŋoːn, ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːns
綄	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːnʔ
院	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋons
皖	ɦŋoːnʔ, ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	ŋroːn, ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	ŋon, ŋonʔ
阮	ŋon, ŋonʔ
俒	ɦŋuːn, ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意) : semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) : semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guān (guan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kôn
(Meixian, Guangdong): guon¹
Min Dong (BUC): guăng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn
(Teochew, Peng'im): guang¹ / guêng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): kuoe (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guan
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹
  - Yale: gwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
  - Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹
  - Yale: gūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guang¹ / guêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuang / kueng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ³³/, /kueŋ³³/

Note:

guang1 - Shantou;
guêng1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kuoe (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kv̩ʷø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑn/

Rime
Character	冠
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古丸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan/
Li Rong	/kuɑn/
Wang Li	/kuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k.ʔ]ˤor/
(Zhengzhang): /*kŋoːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冠
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[k.ʔ]ˁor/
English	cap (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冠
Reading #	1/2
No.	16107
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	官
Old Chinese	/*kŋoːn/

Definitions

冠

hat; cap
皇冠 ― huángguān ― crown
衣冠楚楚 ― yīguānchǔchǔ ― well-groomed
- 高祖為亭長，乃以竹皮為冠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  高祖为亭长，乃以竹皮为冠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Gāozǔ wéi tíngzhǎng, nǎi yǐ zhú pí wéi guān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
hat-shaped thing
花冠 ― huāguān ― wreath; crown
雞冠／鸡冠 ― jīguān ― cockscomb

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 帽子 (“hat”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		冠, 帽
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		帽子
Mandarin	Beijing	帽子
	Taiwan	帽子
	Harbin	帽子
	Yantai (Muping)	帽子
	Jinan	帽子
	Wanrong	帽子
	Xi'an	帽子
	Yinchuan	帽子
	Xining	帽子
	Ürümqi	帽子
	Wuhan	帽子
	Chengdu	帽子
	Guiyang	帽子, 帽兒 humorous
	Guilin	帽子
	Liuzhou	帽子
	Xuzhou	帽子
	Yangzhou	帽子
	Nanjing	帽子
	Hefei	帽子
	Singapore	帽子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	帽子
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	帽子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	帽
	Hong Kong	帽
	Dongguan	帽
	Yangjiang	帽
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	帽
	Hepu (Shatian)	帽
	Beihai	帽
	Beihai (Nankang)	帽
	Beihai (Yingpan)	頭帽
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	帽
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	帽
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	帽
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	帽
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	帽
	Móng Cái	帽
Gan	Nanchang	帽子
Gan	Pingxiang	帽子
Hakka	Meixian	帽仔
	Yudu	帽子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	帽仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	帽仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	帽仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	帽
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	帽仔, 帽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	帽
	Senai (Huiyang)	帽
Huizhou	Jixi	帽
Jin	Taiyuan	帽子, 帽兒
Jin	Xinzhou	帽子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	帽
Min Dong	Fuzhou	帽
Min Dong	Matsu	帽
Min Nan	Xiamen	帽仔
	Quanzhou	帽仔
	Zhangzhou	帽仔
	Taipei	帽仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	帽仔
	Kaohsiung	帽仔
	Yilan	帽仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	帽仔
	Taichung	帽仔
	Tainan	帽仔
	Hsinchu	帽仔
	Kinmen	帽
	Penghu (Magong)	帽
	Penang (Hokkien)	帽
	Singapore (Hokkien)	帽, 帽仔
	Manila (Hokkien)	帽仔
	Chaozhou	帽
	Shantou	帽
	Shantou (Chenghai)	帽
	Jieyang	帽
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	帽
	Penang (Teochew)	帽
	Singapore (Teochew)	帽
	Pontianak (Teochew)	帽
Puxian Min	Putian	帽
	Putian (Donghai)	帽
	Putian (Jiangkou)	帽
	Putian (Nanri)	帽, 帽囝
	Xianyou	帽
	Xianyou (Fengting)	帽
	Xianyou (Youyang)	帽
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	帽子, 帽
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	帽
Wu	Shanghai	帽子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	帽子
	Suzhou	帽子
	Danyang	帽子
	Hangzhou	帽兒
	Ningbo	帽子
	Wenzhou	帽
	Jinhua	帽
Xiang	Changsha	帽子
	Loudi	帽, 帽子
	Shuangfeng	帽子

Compounds

Derived terms from 冠

倒冠落佩
儒冠
免冠 (miǎnguān)
免冠解印
冠冕 (guānmiǎn)
冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
冠冕衣裳
冠子
冠履
冠履倒易
冠履倒置
冠帔
冠族
冠服 (guānfú)
冠毛
冠玉 (guānyù)
冠芽
冠道履仁
加冠 (jiāguān)
南冠 (nánguān)
南冠楚囚
南州冠冕
合瓣花冠
女冠
峨冠
巾冠
平天冠
月桂冠 (yuèguìguān)
木猴而冠
桂冠 (guìguān)
正冠李下
沐猴衣冠
法冠
獬冠
獬豸冠
王冠 (wángguān)
皇冠 (huángguān)
皮冠
素冠
紫金冠
罟罟冠
美如冠玉
羽冠
肉冠 (ròuguān)
花冠 (huāguān)
衣冠 (yīguān)
衣冠不整
衣冠中人
衣冠冢
衣冠子女

衣冠文物
衣冠楚楚 (yīguānchǔchǔ)
衣冠沐猴
衣冠盛事
衣冠赫奕
角冠
豸冠
通天冠
道袍竹冠
金冠 (jīnguān)
面如冠玉 (miàn rú guānyù)
高冠敞袖
鹿皮冠 (lùpíguān)
后冠
挂冠
挂衣冠
不冠不帶／不冠不带
優孟衣冠／优孟衣冠
冠子蟲／冠子虫
冠履無爽／冠履无爽
冠帶／冠带 (guāndài)
冠帶之國／冠带之国
冠帶官／冠带官
冠帶流傳／冠带流传
冠狀動脈／冠状动脉 (guānzhuàng dòngmài)
冠狀動脈硬化症／冠状动脉硬化症
冠蓋／冠盖
冠蓋如雲／冠盖如云
冠蓋相屬／冠盖相属
冠蓋相望／冠盖相望
冠蓋雲集／冠盖云集
冠蓋高舉／冠盖高举
加冠進祿／加冠进禄
國冠／国冠
壺狀花冠／壶状花冠
天冠地屨／天冠地屦
峨冠博帶／峨冠博带
張冠李戴／张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
彈冠／弹冠
彈冠振衣／弹冠振衣
彈冠相慶／弹冠相庆 (tánguānxiāngqìng)
彈冠結綬／弹冠结绶
怒髮衝冠／怒发冲冠 (nùfàchōngguān)
披髮纓冠／披发缨冠
掛冠／挂冠 (guàguān)
掛冠歸里／挂冠归里
掛冠而去／挂冠而去
新沐者必彈冠，新浴者必振衣／新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣
束帶頂冠／束带顶冠
束髮金冠／束发金冠 (shùfà jīnguān)

桂冠詩人／桂冠诗人
極冠／极冠
正冠納履／正冠纳履
漏斗狀花冠／漏斗状花冠
濯纓彈冠／濯缨弹冠
王貢彈冠／王贡弹冠
瓜田不納履，李下不整冠／瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠 (guātián bù nà lǚ, lǐxià bù zhěng guān)
縞冠／缟冠
纓冠／缨冠
蟬冠／蝉冠 (chánguān)
衝冠／冲冠
衝冠髮怒／冲冠发怒
衣冠優孟／衣冠优孟
衣冠塚／衣冠冢 (yīguānzhǒng)
衣冠梟獍／衣冠枭獍 (yīguānxiāojìng)
衣冠濟楚／衣冠济楚
衣冠濟濟／衣冠济济
衣冠甚偉／衣冠甚伟
衣冠禮樂／衣冠礼乐
衣冠禽獸／衣冠禽兽 (yīguānqínshòu)
衣冠緒餘／衣冠绪余
衣冠藍縷／衣冠蓝缕
衣冠輻湊／衣冠辐凑
衣冠雲集／衣冠云集
衣冠齊楚／衣冠齐楚
被髮纓冠／被发缨冠
裂冠毀冕／裂冠毁冕
貂蟬冠／貂蝉冠
貢禹彈冠／贡禹弹冠
輻狀花冠／辐状花冠
進賢冠／进贤冠
道冠兒／道冠儿
雞冠／鸡冠 (jīguān)
雞冠石／鸡冠石
雞冠花／鸡冠花 (jīguānhuā)
離瓣花冠／离瓣花冠
馬冠／马冠
高冠博帶／高冠博带
髮上指冠／发上指冠
髮上衝冠／发上冲冠
髮踊衝冠／发踊冲冠
鳳冠／凤冠 (fèngguān)
鳳冠霞帔／凤冠霞帔
鵔鸃冠／𱉿𱉌冠
鶡冠／鹖冠
鶡冠子／鹖冠子
鷸冠／鹬冠 (yùguān)
黃冠／黄冠
黑冠麻鷺／黑冠麻鹭 (hēiguān málù)
齒冠／齿冠 (chǐguān)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kon
(Meixian, Guangdong): guon⁴
Min Dong (BUC): guáng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn / koan
(Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³
Wu (Wiktionary): kuoe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
  - Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
  - Yale: gwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
  - Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun³
  - Yale: gun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kon⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan
  - Tâi-lô: kuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koafn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/

Note:

guang3 - Shantou;
guêng3 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kuoe (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kv̩ʷø³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑn^H/

Rime
Character	冠
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古玩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑn^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k.ʔˤor-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kŋoːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冠
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*k.ʔˁor-s/
English	cap (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冠
Reading #	2/2
No.	16109
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貫
Old Chinese	/*kŋoːns/

Definitions

冠

(literary) to put on a hat; to wear a hat
沐猴而冠 ― mùhóu'érguàn ― a macaque wearing a hat
- 「許子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  “许子冠乎？”曰：“冠。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  “Xǔ zǐ guàn hū?” Yuē: “Guàn.” [Pinyin]
  'Does he wear a cap?' 'He wears a cap.'
(historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
- 男子二十冠而字。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Nánzǐ èrshí guàn ér zì. [Pinyin]
  A son at twenty is capped, and receives his appellation.
(historical, of a male) to reach adulthood
to rank first; to excel; to surpass
冠軍／冠军 ― guànjūn ― champion
- 位冠群臣，聲施後世。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  位冠群臣，声施后世。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Wèi guàn qúnchén, shēng yì hòushì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(literary) to cover
to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
冠夫姓 ― guàn fūxìng ― to add on one's husband's surname
champion; winner; victor
奪冠／夺冠 ― duóguàn ― to take first prize
(linguistics) Short for 冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
a surname

Synonyms

(ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20): 元服 (yuánfú)

Compounds

Derived terms from 冠

三冠王
冠世之才
冠子
冠群
冠者
及冠
弱冠 (ruòguàn)
未冠
沐猴冠冕 (mùhóuguànmiǎn)
沐猴而冠 (mùhóu'érguàn)

濯冠
笄冠
美冠一方
虎而冠
超今冠古
不定冠詞／不定冠词 (bùdìng guàncí)
冠亞軍／冠亚军
冠禮／冠礼 (guànlǐ)
冠絕／冠绝
冠絕古今／冠绝古今

冠詞／冠词 (guàncí)
冠軍／冠军 (guànjūn)
冠軍賽／冠军赛 (guànjūnsài)
勇冠三軍／勇冠三军
奪冠／夺冠 (duóguàn)
氣冠三軍／气冠三军
豔冠群芳／艳冠群芳
貴冠履，忘頭足／贵冠履，忘头足
連冠／连冠

References

“冠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00304

Japanese

Kanji

冠

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

crown
best, peerless

Readings

Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冠, Jōyō)
Nanori: かもり (kamori); まさる (masaru)

Compounds

冠(かん)詞(し) (kanshi, “article”)

Derived terms

瓜(か)田(でん)に履(くつ)を納(い)れず、李(り)下(か)に冠(かんむり)を正(ただ)さず (kaden ni kutsu o irezu, rika ni kanmuri o tadasazu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
冠
かがふり Grade: S
kun’yomi

/kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ɸɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

冠(かがふり) • (kagafuri)

(archaic, possibly obsolete) head covering; headdress, crown
(by extension, archaic) order, rank

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
冠
かぶり Grade: S
kun’yomi

Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms

被り, 頭

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かぶり [kàbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

冠(かぶり) • (kaburi)

headdress, crown
(theater) large attendance, full house
(archaic) order, rank

Synonyms

(full house): 大(おお)入(い)り (ōiri)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
冠
かむり Grade: S
kun’yomi

A shift from kaburi above. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かむり [kàmúrí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠mɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

冠(かむり) • (kamuri)

headdress, crown
distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
(poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
冠
こうぶり Grade: S
kun’yomi

A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [ko̞ːbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

冠(こうぶり) • (kōburi) ^{←かうぶり (kauburi)^?}

headdress, crown
order, rank
Synonym of 年爵 (“an annual salary in the Heian period”)

Compounds

初(うい)冠(こうぶり) (uikōburi, “crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony”)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
冠
かんむり Grade: S
kun’yomi

The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かんむり [kàńmúrí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) かんむり [kàńmúꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠mːɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [kã̠mbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

冠(かんむり) or 冠(かんぶり) • (kanmuri or kanburi)

a crown (royal headdress)
- 1999 November 18, “冠(かんむり)を戴(いただ)く蒼(あお)き翼(つばさ) [Crowned Blue Wings]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
  頭(あたま)の毛(け)が冠(かんむり)のように見(み)える、青(あお)白(じろ)く燃(も)えるトリ。
  Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.
  A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.
a type of traditional cap
name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.
the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself

Compounds

Terms derived from かんむり

冠(カンムリ)海(ウミ)雀(スズメ) (kanmuri-umisuzume, “Japanese murrelet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume)”)
冠(カンムリ)鳰(カイツブリ) (kanmuri-kaitsuburi, “great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)”)
冠(カンムリ)狐(キツネ)猿(ザル) (kanmuri-kitsunezaru, “crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus)”)
かんむり座(ざ) (Kanmuriza, “Corona Borealis)”)
冠(カンムリ)鷲(ワシ) (kanmuriwashi, “crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela)”)
初(うい)冠(かんむり) (uikanmuri, “type of cap in Noh”)
お冠(かんむり), 御(お)冠(かんむり) (o-kanmuri, “bad temper, bad mood”)

Radical names containing 冠

麻(あさ)冠(かんむり) (asa-kanmuri, "hemp" radical)
穴(あな)冠(かんむり) (ana-kanmuri, "hole" radical)
雨(あま)冠(かんむり) (ama-kanmuri), 雨(あめ)冠(かんむり) (ame-kanmuri, "rain" radical)
ウ冠(かんむり) (u-kanmuri, katakana "u" radical)
老(おい)冠(かんむり) (oi-kanmuri, "old" radical)
髪(かみ)冠(かんむり) (kami-kanmuri, "hair" radical)
草(くさ)冠(かんむり) (kusa-kanmuri, "grass" radical)
卦(けい)算(さん)冠(かんむり) (keisan-kanmuri, "kettle lid" radical)
尸(しかばね)冠(かんむり) (shikabane-kanmuri, "corpse" radical)
大(だい)冠(かんむり) (dai-kanmuri, top "big" radical)
竹(たけ)冠(かんむり) (take-kanmuri, "bamboo" radical)
爪(つめ)冠(かんむり) (tsume-kanmuri, top "claw" radical)
戸(と)冠(かんむり) (to-kanmuri, "door" radical)
虎(とら)冠(かんむり) (tora-kanmuri, "tiger" radical)
山(やま)冠(かんむり) (yama-kanmuri, top "mountain" radical)
ワ冠(かんむり) (wa-kanmuri), 平(ひら)冠(かんむり) (hira-kanmuri), 冖(べき)冠(かんむり) (beki-kanmuri, katakana "wa" radical)

Proper noun

冠(かんむり) • (Kanmuri)

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
冠
さか Grade: S
irregular

Clipping of 鶏(と)冠(さか) (tosaka). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [sa̠ka̠]

Noun

冠(さか) • (saka)

comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
冠
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑn^H).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

冠(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?}

headpiece, crown

Derived terms

冠(かん)たる (kantaru, “best, unrivalled”)

Compounds

Compounds derived from かん

冠(かん)位(い) (kan'i)
冠(かん)水(すい) (kansui, “being covered in water; being submerged or inundated”)
栄(えい)冠(かん) (eikan, “laurels, garland”)
王(おう)冠(かん) (ōkan, “crown”)
極(きょっ)冠(かん) (kyokkan, “polar cap”)
鶏(けい)冠(かん) (keikan, “cockscomb”)
月(げっ)桂(けい)冠(かん) (gekkeikan, “laurel wreath”)
主(しゅ)教(きょう)冠(かん) (shukyōkan, “mitre, miter”)
戴(てい)冠(かん) (teikan, “coronation”)
宝(ほう)冠(かん) (hōkan, “diadem”)
林(ほう)冠(かん) (hōkan, “tree canopy”)

Adjective

冠(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?} ^†-tari (adnominal 冠(かん)たる (kan taru), adverbial 冠(かん)と (kan to) or 冠(かん)として (kan to shite))

crown; champion

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑn^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource冠 (eumhun 갓 관 (gat gwan))

Hanja form^? of 관 (“crown; hat”).

Compounds

왕관 (王冠, wanggwan, “crown”)
관례 (冠禮, gwallye, “capping ceremony”)
관사 (冠詞, gwansa, “(grammar) article”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

冠: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN