再

再

再 U+518D, 再 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-518D ← 册 [U+518C] CJK Unified Ideographs 冎 → [U+518E]

再 U+2F815, 再 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F815 ← 內 [U+2F814] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𠕋 → [U+2F816]

Translingual

Stroke order (Mainland China)

Stroke order (Sans-serif)

Han character

再 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一土月 (MGB), four-corner 1044₇, composition ⿱一冉)

Derived characters

• 侢, 洅, 𤞕, 𦛍, 𧋁, 𫇶, 冓, 𢈖

See also

• 爯

References

• KangXi: page 129, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1524
• Dae Jaweon: page 290, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 18, character 1
• Unihan data for U+518D
• Unihan data for U+2F815

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		再

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 再
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (再) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
再	*ʔsɯːs
洅	*ʔsɯːʔ

Etymology

Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, “year”), 茲 (OC *ʔsɯ, “year”), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns, “repeatedly”), 洊 (OC *zlɯːns, “again; repeatedly”), 荐 (OC *zlɯːns, “repeatedly”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zài, dài (zai⁴, dai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ, ㄉㄞˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): zai⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зэ (ze, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zoi³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): doi¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): zai⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chai

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zai⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): zai³
• Min Bei (KCR): cuo̿i
• Min Dong (BUC): cái
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai³

• Wu (Wiktionary): tse (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): zai⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan, Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zài
    • Wade–Giles: tsai⁴
    • Yale: dzài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dài
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dài
    • Wade–Giles: tai⁴
    • Yale: dài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
    • Palladius: дай (daj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zai⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зэ (ze, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoi³
    • Yale: joi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: doi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tᵘɔi³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zai³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cuo̿i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suɛ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
    • Tâi-lô: tsài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tse (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁴⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 再
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁵³/ /t͡sai²⁴/ ～見
	Tianjin	/tai⁵³/ /t͡sai⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡sæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡se̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡se̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡se⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛ³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡sə²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɔi²³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɔi³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɔi¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sai²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡suɛ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sai³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʌi^H/

Rime
Character	再
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səjH/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀiH/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	再
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁə(ʔ)-s/
English	twice; a second time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	再
Reading #	1/1
No.	16511
Phonetic component	再
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	載
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːs/

Definitions

再

1. again; once again; a second time; re-

   再玩  ―  zài wán  ―  play again

   一拖再拖  ―  yī tuō zài tuō  ―  to put off again and again

   我再說一遍／我再说一遍  ―  wǒ zài shuō yī biàn  ―  I will say once again.

   後來我再也沒見過他了。 [MSC, trad.]
   后来我再也没见过他了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Hòulái wǒ zài yě méi jiàn guò tā le. [Pinyin]

   Afterwards I have never seen him again.

   • 燕子去了，有再來的時候；楊柳枯了，有再青的時候；桃花謝了，有再開的時候。 [MSC, trad.]
     燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1922, Zhu Ziqing, 匆匆 "Hurrily"

     Yànzǐ qù le, yǒu zài lái de shíhòu; yángliǔ kū le, yǒu zài qīng de shíhòu; táohuā xiè le, yǒu zài kāi de shíhòu. [Pinyin]

     Gone are the swallows, still there's a time they'll come again. Wilted are the willows, still there's a time they'll be green again. Withered are the peach blossoms, still there's a time they'll bloom again.

2. Used to indicate a continuing situation in conditional or suppositional clauses

   再不出發，我們就會趕不上火車了。 [MSC, trad.]
   再不出发，我们就会赶不上火车了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài bù chūfā, wǒmen jiù huì gǎnbùshàng huǒchē le. [Pinyin]

   If we don't leave now, we're going to miss the train.

3. more; -er

   再快一點／再快一点  ―  zài kuài yīdiǎn  ―  faster

   再大聲啲得唔得呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   再大声啲得唔得呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   zoi³ daai⁶ seng¹ di¹ dak¹ m⁴ dak¹ aa³? [Jyutping]

   Louder please.

   小得不能再小的芝麻小事 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   xiǎo de bùnéng zài xiǎo de zhīmáxiǎoshì [Pinyin]

   a trivial matter that cannot be more trivial

4. Used with 也 (yě) and followed by a negative expression; no matter how...still (not)

   你再努力也不會成功。 [MSC, trad.]
   你再努力也不会成功。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ zài nǔlì yě bùhuì chénggōng. [Pinyin]

   No matter how hard you work, you will not succeed.

   有了這件棉衣，再冷的天我也不怕了。 [MSC, trad.]
   有了这件棉衣，再冷的天我也不怕了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yǒule zhè jiàn miányī, zài lěng de tiān wǒ yě bù pà le. [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this example)

5. then; only then

   我們吃過飯再回去吧。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们吃过饭再回去吧。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen chī guò fàn zài huíqù ba. [Pinyin]

   We shall eat before returning.

   到時再算／到时再算 [Cantonese]  ―  dou³ si⁴ zoi³ syun³ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

6. in addition; on top of that
7. (literary) twice

   • 季文子三思而後行。子聞之，曰：「再，斯可矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     季文子三思而后行。子闻之，曰：“再，斯可矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jìwén Zǐ sānsī ér hòuxíng. Zǐ wén zhī, yuē: “Zài, sī kě yǐ.” [Pinyin]

     Ji Wen thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, "Twice may do."

   • 秦趙五戰，秦再勝而趙三勝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦赵五战，秦再胜而赵三胜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qín Zhào wǔ zhàn, Qín zài shèng ér Zhào sān shèng. [Pinyin]

     Qin and Zhao fought five battles against each other; Qin won twice while Zhao won three times.

8. (literary) to appear again

   青春不再  ―  qīngchūn bùzài  ―  One’s youth never returns.

   • 嗚呼！勝地不常，盛筵難再；蘭亭已矣，梓澤丘墟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     呜呼！胜地不常，盛筵难再；兰亭已矣，梓泽丘墟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序

     Wūhū! Shèngdì bùcháng, shèngyán nán zài; Lántíng yǐ yǐ, Zǐzé qiūxū. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

9. a surname

Usage notes

In Old Chinese, 再 (OC *ʔsɯːs) strictly meant "twice" and not "again". The "second time" sense developed around the Tang dynasty.

再 (zài) is used for something that has not happened, while 又 (yòu) is used for something that already happened.

Synonyms

• (one again):

edit

再度 (zàidù) (formal) 再次 (zàicì)

重再 (Min Nan)

閣再／阁再 (Min Nan)

See also

• (again): 又 (yòu)

Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		再
Mandarin	Beijing	再
	Taiwan	再
	Jinan	再
	Xi'an	再
	Wuhan	再
	Chengdu	又, 再
	Yangzhou	再
	Hefei	再
Cantonese	Guangzhou	再, 添 >
	Hong Kong	再, 添 >
	Yangjiang	應
Gan	Nanchang	再, 湊 >
Hakka	Meixian	再, 添 >
Jin	Taiyuan	再
Min Bei	Jian'ou	再, 唵
Min Dong	Fuzhou	再, 蓋
Min Nan	Xiamen	閣, 閣再
	Quanzhou	閣, 閣再
	Zhangzhou	閣, 閣再
	Tainan	閣, 閣再
	Singapore (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再
	Manila (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再
	Chaozhou	再
Wu	Suzhou	再
	Wenzhou	再, 添 >
Xiang	Changsha	再
	Shuangfeng	再, 還
Note	> - used after the object

Compounds

Derived terms from 再

一再 (yīzài) 一再行 一呼再喏 不再 (bùzài) 停妻再娶 再三 (zàisān) 再三再四 再下一城 (zàixiàyīchéng) 再不 (zàibù) 再不其然 再不想 再不然 (zàibùrán) 再不道 再世 再世交 再也 (zàiyě) 再二 再作道理 再倍 再做道理 再再 再出口 再分 再刊 (zàikān) 再刖 再刺 再加上 再吐 再命 再四 (zàisì) 再婚 (zàihūn) 再嫁 (zàijià) 再字 再宥 再宿 再就 再度 (zàidù) 再康 再思 再拜 (zàibài)

再拜稽首 再教育 (zàijiàoyù) 再易 再期 再次 (zàicì) 再熟 再版 (zàibǎn) 再犯 (zàifàn) 再生 (zàishēng) 再生丹 再生父母 (zàishēngfùmǔ) 再眠 再稔 再籍 再者 (zàizhě) 再聘 再薰 再虞 再行 (zàixíng) 再衰三涸 再衰三竭 再赦 再起 再辱 再造 (zàizào) 再酳 再醮 (zàijiào) 再食 再麾 壹再 恩同再造 枯木再生 枯枝再春 汔再汔四 稽首再拜 至再至三 一合再離／一合再离 一歲再赦／一岁再赦 一誤再誤／一误再误 (yīwùzàiwù) 再作馮婦／再作冯妇 (zàizuòféngfù)

再來／再来 (zàilái) 再來人／再来人 再則／再则 (zàizé) 再實／再实 再審／再审 (zàishěn) 再從／再从 再從伯／再从伯 再從兄／再从兄 再從姪／再从侄 再從弟／再从弟 再從父／再从父 再接再厲／再接再厉 (zàijiēzàilì) 再接再礪／再接再砺 再晝／再昼 再會／再会 (zàihuì) 再獻／再献 再現／再现 (zàixiàn) 再生爺／再生爷 再生產／再生产 (zàishēngchǎn) 再生禮／再生礼 再確認／再确认 再興／再兴 再舉／再举 再處／再处 再見／再见 (zàijiàn) 再計／再计 再說／再说 (zàishuō) 再進口／再进口 再適／再适 再閏／再闰 再闡／再阐 再顧／再顾 再駕／再驾 復再／复再 時不再來／时不再来 東山再起／东山再起 (dōngshānzàiqǐ) 盛筵難再／盛筵难再 讓三讓再／让三让再 讓再讓三／让再让三 閣再／阁再

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (再):

• → Japanese: 再(さい) (sai)
• → Korean: 재(再) (jae)
• → Vietnamese: tái (再)

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Japanese

Kanji

再

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. again
2. twice
3. second time

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: さ (sa, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: ふたたび (futatabi, 再び, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 一再
• 再々, 再再
• 再三
• 再上映
• 再下付
• 再交付
• 再任
• 再会
• 再保険
• 再入国
• 再入学
• 再入幕
• 再処理
• 再出
• 再出場
• 再出発
• 再分配
• 再利用
• 再創造
• 再加工
• 再勝
• 再勤
• 再十両
• 再協議
• 再受浸
• 再吟味
• 再告
• 再国営化
• 再国有化
• 再変
• 再委託
• 再婚
• 再定義
• 再審
• 再封鎖
• 再尋問
• 再就職支援
• 再工事
• 再帰
• 再度
• 再度
• 再建
• 再建
• 再征
• 再従兄
• 再従弟
• 再循環
• 再思
• 再戦
• 再投票
• 再投稿
• 再投資
• 再抗弁
• 再拝
• 再挙
• 再提案
• 再放送
• 再敗
• 再教育
• 再映
• 再服役
• 再来
• 再来年
• 再来月
• 再来週
• 再校
• 再案
• 再検査
• 再検討
• 再構成
• 再構築
• 再武装
• 再注
• 再洗礼
• 再浮上
• 再浸礼
• 再演
• 再燃
• 再版
• 再犯
• 再現
• 再生
• 再生産
• 再発
• 再発行
• 再発見
• 再発足
• 再確認
• 再禁止
• 再突入
• 再組織
• 再編
• 再縁
• 再考
• 再臨
• 再興
• 再製
• 再訂
• 再訪
• 再設
• 再評価
• 再試合
• 再試行
• 再試験
• 再認識
• 再説
• 再読
• 再調
• 再調整
• 再議
• 再販
• 再起
• 再軍備
• 再転
• 再輸入
• 再輸出
• 再送
• 再遊
• 再選
• 再配分
• 再配布
• 再配置
• 再鋳
• 再録
• 再開
• 再開発
• 再降臨

 

Prefix

再(さい) • (sai-) 

1. re-, again, repeated

   ページを再(さい)読(よ)み込(こ)み

   pēji o saiyomikomi

   reload the page

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 再 (MC t͡sʌi^H). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄌᆡ (coy) (Yale: coy) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɛ(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [재(ː)/제(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource再 (eumhun 두 재 (du jae))
再 (eumhun 다시 재 (dasi jae))

1. Hanja form^? of 재 (“again”).
2. Hanja form^? of 재 (“twice”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 재개 (再開, jaegae)
• 재건 (再建, jaegeon)
• 재고 (再考, jaego)
• 재연 (再演, jaeyeon)
• 재편 (再編, jaepyeon)
• 재차 (再次, jaecha)
• 재발 (再發, jaebal)
• 재현 (再現, jaehyeon)
• 재탕 (再湯, jaetang)
• 재의 (再議, jae'ui)
• 재심 (再審, jaesim)
• 재청 (再請, jaecheong)
• 재혼 (再婚, jaehon)
• 재선 (再選, jaeseon)
• 재활 (再活, jaehwal)
• 재수 (再修, jaesu)
• 재생 (再生, jaesaeng)
• 재판 (再版, jaepan)
• 재론 (再論, jaeron)
• 재회 (再會, jaehoe)
• 재림 (再臨, jaerim)
• 재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
• 재임 (再任, jaeim)
• 재간 (再刊, jaegan)
• 재소 (再訴, jaeso)
• 재귀 (再歸, jaegwi)
• 재래 (再來, jaerae)
• 재기 (再起, jaegi)
• 재활용 (再活用, jaehwaryong)
• 비일비재 (非一非再, biilbijae)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

再: Hán Việt readings: tái[1][2][3][4][5][6]
再: Nôm readings: tái[1][2][3], táy[3][7], tải

1. chữ Hán form of tái (“re-, again”).

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Trần (1999).
5. Nguyễn (1974).
6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
7. Hồ (1976).