冉

See also: 冄 and 再

冉	U+5189, 冉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5189

← 冈
[U+5188]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冊 →
[U+518A]

Translingual

Han character

冉 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土月 (GB), four-corner 5055₇, composition ⿻冂土)

Derived characters

呥㘱姌抩𣲹𤝫柟珃䏥畘聃袡舑蚺㴂䤡䎃𨚗𤱣𪓚䶲再苒爯𡩋寗髯㾆㫋

References

KangXi: page 128, character 36
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1514
Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 99, character 3
Unihan data for U+5189

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冉
alternative forms		冄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冉

**Bronze inscriptions**
b14467	b14468	b14469	b14470

**Small seal script**
s06884

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L18787	L18788	L18789	L18790

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (冉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
那	naːl, naːlʔ, *naːls
挪	*naːl
娜	*naːlʔ
柟	noːm, njam, *njamʔ
抩	*noːm
聃	n̥ʰaːm, n̥ʰaːm
舑	n̥ʰaːm, njam
坍	*n̥ʰaːm
髯	njam, njams
蚺	*njam
呥	*njam
冉	njam, njamʔ
袡	*njam
苒	*njamʔ
姌	njamʔ, neːmʔ

Pictogram (象形) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rǎn (ran³)
(Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liám / jiám
(Teochew, Peng'im): riam²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
  - Wade–Giles: jan³
  - Yale: rǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
  - Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁵
  - Yale: yíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiam´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯am²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liám
  - Tâi-lô: liám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiám
  - Tâi-lô: jiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiarm
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiam⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: riam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziam⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ȵiᴇm/, /ȵiᴇm^X/

Rime
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	汝鹽切	而琰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇm/	/ȵiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæm/	/ȵʑjæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiam/	/ȵiam^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛm/	/ȵʑĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛm/	/ȵʑi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán	rǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴	jim⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*njam/, /*njamʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10781	10784
Phonetic component	冉	冉
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𩓾	冉
Old Chinese	/*njam/	/*njamʔ/

Definitions

冉

(archaic) edge of a turtle shell
Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn).
(obsolete) tender; weak
a surname
冉求 ― Rǎn Qiú ― Ran Qiu / Jan Ch‘iu (a leading disciple of Confucius)

Compounds

公冉
冉冉 (rǎnrǎn)
冉弱

冉有
冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)

奄冉
冉鐮／冉镰

Japanese

Kanji

冉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ねん (nen)
Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
Kun: よわい (yowai)

Korean

Hanja

冉 (eum 염 (yeom))

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Vietnamese

Han character

冉: Hán Nôm readings: nhiễm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.