冇
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Translingual
Han character
冇 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大月 (KB) or X大月 (XKB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿸𠂇冂)
References
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 17
- Unihan data for U+5187
Chinese
Glyph origin
From the removal of the two inner strokes from 有 (“to have”).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 冇 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冇 | |
| alternative forms | 無／无 冒 Xiang | |
From 無 (MC mɨo, “to not have”), fused with 有 (MC ɦɨuX, “to have”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
冇
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, dialectal Wu, Xiang) to not have; to not exist
- 你冇女朋友？梗係唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 陳慧嫻, 紅茶館
- nei5 mou5 neoi5 pang4 jau5? gang2 hai6 m4 seon3 laa1!...... waak6 ze2 jau5. nei5 m4 zi1 ze1. [Jyutping]
- You don't have a girlfriend? Of course I don't believe you! ... Maybe you do have one, but you just don't know it.
你冇女朋友？梗系唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 冇理由㗎。 [Cantonese] ― mou5 lei5 jau4 gaa3. [Jyutping] ― Impossible.
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang) have not; did not (do something) (indicating non-completion of a verb)
- 我冇同佢講。／我冇同佢讲。 [Cantonese] ― ngo5 mou5 tung4 keoi5 gong2. [Jyutping] ― I did not tell him.
- 佢幾個月都冇嚟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- keoi5 gei2 go3 jyut6 dou1 mou5 lai4. [Jyutping]
- He hasn't come for a few months.
佢几个月都冇嚟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- (dialectal Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua) not (negator)
Usage notes
- Originally from Cantonese, the meaning of this character is now understood by many Mandarin speakers.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 無, 無有 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 沒有 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 沒有, 沒 |
| Taiwan | 沒有, 沒 | |
| Jinan | 沒有, 沒 | |
| Xi'an | 沒有 | |
| Wuhan | 冇得 | |
| Chengdu | 沒得 | |
| Guilin | 沒得 | |
| Yangzhou | 不得, 沒得 | |
| Hefei | 沒 | |
| Malaysia | 沒有, 沒 | |
| Singapore | 沒有, 沒 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 不有 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 不有 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 不有 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 不有 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冇, 冇有 |
| Hong Kong | 冇 | |
| Taishan | 冇 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇有 | |
| Hepu (Shatian) | 冇有 | |
| Beihai | 冇, 冇有 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇有 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇, 冇有 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇, 冇有 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇, 冇有 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 冇 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 冇 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 冇 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 冇 | |
| Móng Cái | 冇, 冇有 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冒有 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 無 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 無 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 無 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 無 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 無 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 無 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 沒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 沒, 沒啦 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 無 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 無 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 無 | |
| Manjung (Gutian) | 無 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 無 |
| Quanzhou | 無 | |
| Zhangzhou | 無 | |
| Zhao'an | 無 | |
| Taipei | 無 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 無 | |
| Kaohsiung | 無 | |
| Yilan | 無 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 無 | |
| Taichung | 無 | |
| Tainan | 無 | |
| Hsinchu | 無 | |
| Kinmen | 無 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 無 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 無 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 無 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 無 | |
| Chaozhou | 無 | |
| Shantou | 無 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 無 | |
| Jieyang | 無 | |
| Haifeng | 無 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 無 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 無 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 無 | |
| Wenchang | 無 | |
| Qionghai | 無 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嘸沒, 嘸 dated |
| Suzhou | 嘸不 | |
| Hangzhou | 沒有 | |
| Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 嘸不 | |
| Ningbo | 嘸沒, 嘸 dated | |
| Wenzhou | 冇 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冇得, 冇 |
| Shuangfeng | 冇得 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 不 (“not”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 不 |
| Taiwan | 不 | |
| Tianjin | 不 | |
| Chengde | 不 | |
| Tangshan | 不 | |
| Cangzhou | 不 | |
| Baoding | 不 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 不 | |
| Chifeng | 不 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 不 | |
| Heihe | 不 | |
| Qiqihar | 不 | |
| Harbin | 不 | |
| Jiamusi | 不 | |
| Baicheng | 不 | |
| Changchun | 不 | |
| Tonghua | 不 | |
| Shenyang | 不 | |
| Dandong | 不 | |
| Jinzhou | 不 | |
| Dalian | 不 | |
| Yantai | 不 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 不 | |
| Qingdao | 不 | |
| Lijin | 不 | |
| Zhucheng | 不 | |
| Jinan | 不 | |
| Luoyang | 不 | |
| Wanrong | 不 | |
| Shangqiu | 不 | |
| Yuanyang | 不 | |
| Zhengzhou | 不 | |
| Lingbao | 不 | |
| Xinyang | 不 | |
| Baihe | 不 | |
| Xi'an | 不 | |
| Baoji | 不 | |
| Yinchuan | 不 | |
| Tianshui | 不 | |
| Lanzhou | 不 | |
| Dunhuang | 不 | |
| Xining | 不 | |
| Hami | 不 | |
| Ürümqi | 不 | |
| Wuhan | 不 | |
| Yichang | 不 | |
| Xiangyang | 不 | |
| Tianmen | 不 | |
| Hong'an | 不 | |
| Chengdu | 不 | |
| Nanchong | 不 | |
| Dazhou | 不 | |
| Hanyuan | 不 | |
| Xichang | 不 | |
| Zigong | 不 | |
| Chongqing | 不 | |
| Guiyang | 不 | |
| Zunyi | 不 | |
| Bijie | 不 | |
| Zhaotong | 不 | |
| Dali | 不 | |
| Kunming | 不 | |
| Mengzi | 不 | |
| Guilin | 不 | |
| Liuzhou | 沒, 不 | |
| Changde | 不 | |
| Anqing | 不 | |
| Xuzhou | 不 | |
| Fuyang | 不 | |
| Wuhu | 不 | |
| Yangzhou | 不 | |
| Lianyungang | 不 | |
| Lianshui | 不 | |
| Nanjing | 不 | |
| Hefei | 不 | |
| Nantong | 不 | |
| Malaysia | 不 | |
| Singapore | 不 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔 |
| Hong Kong | 唔 | |
| Macau | 唔 | |
| Taishan | 唔 | |
| Dongguan | 唔 | |
| Yangjiang | 無 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇 | |
| Hepu (Shatian) | 冇 | |
| Beihai | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Móng Cái | 冇 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不 |
| Lichuan | 不 | |
| Pingxiang | 毋 | |
| Jianning | 唔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔 |
| Xingning | 唔 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 唔 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 唔 | |
| Changting | 唔 | |
| Shanghang | 唔 | |
| Wuping | 唔 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 唔 | |
| Liancheng | 唔 | |
| Ninghua | 唔, 不 | |
| Qingliu | 唔 | |
| Yudu | 唔 | |
| Ruijin | 唔 | |
| Shicheng | 唔 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 唔 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 毋 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 毋 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 毋 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 毋 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 毋 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不 |
| Shexian | 不 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不 |
| Yangyuan | 不 | |
| Datong | 不 | |
| Xinzhou | 不 | |
| Lishi | 不 | |
| Linfen | 不 | |
| Changzhi | 不 | |
| Linhe | 不 | |
| Jining | 不 | |
| Hohhot | 不 | |
| Erenhot | 不 | |
| Pingshan | 不 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 不 | |
| Handan | 不 | |
| Linzhou | 不 | |
| Suide | 不 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Songxi | 唔, 𣍐 | |
| Zhenghe | 唔, 𣍐 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Changle | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Lianjiang | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fuqing | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Pingtan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Yongtai | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Minqing | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Gutian | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Pingnan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Luoyuan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fu'an | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Ningde | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Xiapu | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Zherong | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Shouning | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Zhouning | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fuding | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Matsu | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Quanzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Jinjiang | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Nan'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Shishi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Hui'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Anxi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Yongchun | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Dehua | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Hua'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Nanjing | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Pinghe | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangpu | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Yunxiao | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhao'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Dongshan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Taipei | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Kaohsiung | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Tainan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Kinmen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Datian | 毋, 𣍐 | |
| Chaozhou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Shantou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Jieyang | 唔 | |
| Haifeng | 唔 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 唔 | |
| Leizhou | 伓 | |
| Wenchang | 無 | |
| Haikou | 無 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Xianyou | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Shaxian | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 冒, 唔 |
| Guangze | 唔 | |
| Jiangle | 唔 | |
| Mingxi | 唔 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 弗, 勿 | |
| Suzhou | 弗 | |
| Danyang | 弗 | |
| Hangzhou | 不 | |
| Ningbo | 勿, 嘸沒 rare | |
| Wenzhou | 不 | |
| Jinhua | 弗 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 不 |
| Loudi | 不 | |
| Shuangfeng | 不 | |
Compounds
|
|
|
Etymology 2
| trad. | 冇 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冇 | |
Compare Saek [script needed] (phoongC2, “hollow; hole (in a tree, bamboo)”), Proto-Bahnaric *pɔːŋ (“hollow; flattened”) (Schuessler, 2007).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Definitions
冇
- (Min, Hakka) empty; hollow; spongy; not sturdy
- 冇柴 [Hokkien] ― phàⁿ-chhâ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― porous wood
- (Min, Hakka) unreliable; undependable; casual
- (Min Nan) extravagant; generous
- 冇手 [Hokkien] ― phàⁿ-chhiú [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― generous
- (Hakka) insufficient; lacking
Etymology 3
| trad. | 冇 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冇 | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
冇
- (Cantonese) Contraction of 唔好 (“don't”).
- 冇煩我！／冇烦我！ [Cantonese] ― mou2 faan4 ngo5! [Jyutping] ― Don't annoy me!
See also
- 好冇
Etymology 4
| trad. | 冇 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冇 | |
From etymology 1, with rising intonation.
Pronunciation
Definitions
冇
- (Cantonese, uncommon or dated) Used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet.
- Synonym: 未
- 食咗飯冇？／食咗饭冇？ [Cantonese] ― sik6 zo2 faan6 mou2? [Jyutping] ― Have you eaten?
References
- “冇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00004
- zi.tools
Vietnamese
Han character
冇: Hán Nôm readings: mậu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.