冀

冀

冀 U+5180, 冀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5180 ← 兿 [U+517F] CJK Unified Ideographs 冁 → [U+5181]

冀 U+FA75, 冀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA75 ← 充 [U+FA74] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勇 → [U+FA76]

Translingual

Han character

冀 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 中心田廿金 (LPWTC), four-corner 1180₁, composition ⿱北異)

Derived characters

• 懻 䆊 䙫 驥(骥)

References

• KangXi: page 128, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1500
• Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5180
• Unihan data for U+FA75

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Chinese

trad.		冀
simp. #		冀
2nd round simp.		丠／⿱北共
丠／⿱北共 - 1977/1981

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冀
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions b12627 b12628 Small seal script s05950 Transcribed ancient scripts L20221 L20222 L20223 L20224 L20225 L35864 L35865 L20215 L20216 L20217 L20218 L20219 L20220
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (冀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冀	*krɯls
驥	*krɯls
懻	*krɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯls) : semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kei³
• Min Nan (POJ): kì

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kei³
    • Yale: kei
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kei³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kéi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
    • Tâi-lô: kì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪ^H/

Rime
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	几利切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiH/
Li Rong	/kjiH/
Wang Li	/kiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]rə[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ kijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]rə[t]-s/ (dial. < *[k]rək-s ?)
English	hope
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5852
Phonetic component	冀
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	冀
Old Chinese	/*krɯls/

Definitions

冀

1. to look forward to; to hope for; to wish
2. Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).

Compounds

冀北 冀州 (Jìzhōu) 冀望 (jìwàng) 冀求

可冀 希冀 (xījì) 非冀 冀圖／冀图

冀馬／冀马 無冀／无冀 (wújì) 馬空冀北／马空冀北

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Japanese

Kanji

冀

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: き (ki)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: こいねがう (koinegau, 冀う)^{←こひねがふ (kofinegafu, historical)}; こいねがわくは (koinegawakuha, 冀わくは)^{←こひねがはくは (kofinegafakufa, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
冀
き Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kˠiɪ^H).

Affix

冀(き) • (ki) 

1. hope for, look forward to, wish

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 冀(き)願(がん) (kigan, “wish”)
• 冀(き)求(きゅう) (kikyū)
• 冀(き)幸(こう) (kikō)
• 冀図(きと) (kito)
• 冀(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)

Proper noun

冀(き) • (Ki) 

1. (historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province
2. Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 冀(き)察(さつ)政権(せいけん) (Kisatsu Seiken)
• 冀(き)察(さつ)政(せい)務(む)委(い)員(いん)会(かい) (Kisatsu Seimu Iinkai)
• 冀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)
• 冀(き)北(ほく) (Kihoku)
• 冀(き)東(とう)政権(せいけん) (Kitō Seiken)
• 冀(き)東(とう)防(ぼう)共(きょう)自(じ)治(ち)政(せい)府(ふ) (Kitō Bōkyō Jichiseifu)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kˠiɪ^H).

Hanja

Wikisource冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“to hope; to wish”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 기도 (冀圖, gido)
• 기망 (冀望, gimang)
• 기원 (冀願, giwon)
• 기주 (冀州, Giju)
• 요기 (徼冀, yogi)
• 행기 (幸冀, haenggi)
• 희기 (希冀, huigi)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

冀: Hán Nôm readings: kí

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