请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 八
释义

八

See also: 入, 丷, and ハ
八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A]		CJK Unified Ideographs公 →
[U+516C]
⼋ U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
← ⼊
[U+2F0A]		Kangxi Radicals⼌ →
[U+2F0C]
㈧ U+3227, ㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㈦
[U+3226]		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months㈨ →
[U+3228]
㊇ U+3287, ㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㊆
[U+3286]		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months㊈ →
[U+3288]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

八 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes

Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it's a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/八
  • 仈, 叭, 𫭗, 𡚭, 扒, 汃, 𤜞, 朳, 𣱺, 𬌙, 玐, 𦘩, 𭾘, 𥐙, 𧘋, 𬖍, 𦓧, 𧈢, 𧴩, 𧺍, 趴, 釟(𫓥), 𩡩, 𩵒, 𫙈, 𫐴, 𥻋, 𪗔
  • 尣, 𡯂, 分, 㕣, 𡉀, 䏌, 𠬬, 兌, 谷, 𥾈, 𦔯, 𧯚, 𠭦, 𣼪, 𩰕, 只, 穴, 䒔, 𤴭, 𦉵, 𡨄, 𩫵

Descendants

  • ハ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 八
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Hanjian (compiled in Song)Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song)Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)Libian (compiled in Qing)Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsTranscribed ancient scriptsClerical scriptMing typeface
Oracle bone script

j01414

j01415

j01416

j01417

j01418

j01419

j01420

j01421

j01422

j01423

j01424

Bronze inscriptions

b00933

b00934

b00935

b00936

b00937

b00938

b00939

b00940

b00941

b00942

b00943

b00944

b00945

b00946

b00947

b00948

b00949

Small seal script

s00788

Transcribed ancient scripts

L26490

L26491

L26492

L26493

L26494

L26495

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒*preːds, *preːd, *pred
八*preːd
𩡩*preːd
朳*preːd
玐*preːd
釟*preːd
汃*pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).

Etymology 1

trad.八
simp. #八
alternative forms捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): bā (ba1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚ
    (Chengdu, SP): ba2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ба (ba, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): baat3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bat1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): bat6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bad5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): bah4
  • Min Bei (KCR): băi
  • Min Dong (BUC): báik
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): poeh / peh / piē / pat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): boih4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): paq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): ba6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: bā
      • Zhuyin: ㄅㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ba
      • Wade–Giles: pa1
      • Yale: bā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ba
      • Palladius: ба (ba)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pä⁵⁵/
Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路.
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ba2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ba
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pa²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ба (ba, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pa²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: baat3
      • Yale: baat
      • Cantonese Pinyin: baat8
      • Guangdong Romanization: bad3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /paːt̚³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: bat1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pat̚³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: bat6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pat̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pat
      • Hakka Romanization System: bad`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: bad5
      • Sinological IPA: /pat̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: bad5
      • Sinological IPA: /pat̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: bah4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /paʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: băi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pai²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: báik
      • Sinological IPA (key): /paiʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore, Klang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poeh
      • Tâi-lô: pueh
      • Phofsit Daibuun: poeq
      • IPA (Klang): /pueʔ⁵³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore): /pueʔ³²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Lukang, Philippines): /pueʔ⁵/
      • IPA (Hui'an): /pueʔ⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
      • Tâi-lô: peh
      • Phofsit Daibuun: peq
      • IPA (Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kaohsiung, Tainan): /peʔ³²/
      • IPA (Yilan): /peʔ²/
      • IPA (Penang): /peʔ³/
    • (Hokkien: Longyan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piē
      • Tâi-lô: piē
      • IPA (Longyan): /pie⁵⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Klang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pat
      • Tâi-lô: pat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: pad
      • IPA (Penang): /pat̚³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /pat̚³²/
      • IPA (Klang): /pat̚⁵³/
      • IPA (Hui'an): /pat̚⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /pat̚⁵/
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boih4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: poih
      • Sinological IPA (key): /poiʔ²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: paq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pa̱ʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ba6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pa̠²⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /pˠat̚/
Rime
Character八
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)山 (71)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pˠat̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pᵚat̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/pɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/paɨt̚/
Li
Rong		/pat̚/
Wang
Li		/pat̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/păt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		baat3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*preːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character八
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bā
Middle
Chinese		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		/*pˁret/
Englisheight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character八
Reading #1/1
No.89
Phonetic
component		八
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		八
Old
Chinese		/*preːd/

Definitions

八

  1. eight
  2. many, numerous
  3. (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
  4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. a surname
See also
Chinese numbers
0123456789101021031041081012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		〇, 零一二三四五六七八九十百千萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)		億／亿兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		零壹貳／贰參／叁肆伍陸／陆柒捌玖拾佰仟

Compounds

Derived terms from 八

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (八):
  • → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
  • → Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
  • → Vietnamese: bát (八)

Others:

  • → Proto-Tai: *peːtᴰ (“eight”)
    • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pɛːtᴰ
      • Thai: แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt)
      • Northern Thai: ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ
      • Lao: ແປດ (pǣt)
      • Lü: ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)
      • Tai Dam: ꪵꪜꪒ
      • Shan: ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt)
      • Tai Nüa: ᥙᥦᥖᥱ (pǎet)
      • Phake: ပိတ် (pit)
      • Ahom: 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit)
    • Northern Tai
      • Bouyei: beedt
      • Zhuang: bet

Etymology 2

trad.八
simp. #八

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bā (ba1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: bā
      • Zhuyin: ㄅㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ba
      • Wade–Giles: pa1
      • Yale: bā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ba
      • Palladius: ба (ba)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pä⁵⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /pˠat̚/
Rime
Character八
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)山 (71)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pˠat̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pᵚat̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/pɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/paɨt̚/
Li
Rong		/pat̚/
Wang
Li		/pat̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/păt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		baat3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*preːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character八
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bā
Middle
Chinese		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		/*pˁret/
Englisheight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character八
Reading #1/1
No.89
Phonetic
component		八
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		八
Old
Chinese		/*preːd/

Definitions

八

  1. † to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
(This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.)

Japanese

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  789  > 
    Cardinal : 八

Kanji

八

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: はち (hachi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
  • Kun: や (ya, 八, Jōyō); やつ (yatsu, 八つ, Jōyō); やっつ (yattsu, 八つ, Jōyō); よう (yō, 八, Jōyō †)
  • Nanori: な (na); は (ha); はっ (wa'); はつ (hatsu); やち (yachi); やつ (yatsu)

Compounds

  • 一(いち)八(はつ) (ichihatsu)
  • 永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) (Eiji Happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)
  • 間(かん)八(ぱち) (kanpachi)
  • 尺(しゃく)八(はち) (shakuhachi)
  • 八(やつ)橋(はち) (yatsuhachi)
  • 八(やつ)手(で) (yatsude)
  • 八(やつ)切(ぎり) (yatsugiri)
  • 八(はっ)角(かっ)形(けい) (hakkakkei, “octagon”)
  • 八(はっ)掛(かけ) (hakkake)
  • 七(しち)転(てん)八(はっ)起(き) (shichiten hakki)
  • 八(はっ)九(く)分(ぶ) (hakkubu)
  • 四(し)苦(く)八(はっ)苦(く) (shiku hakku)
  • 八(はっ)苦(く) (hakku)
  • 八(はっ)卦(け) (hakke)
  • 八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu, “August”)
  • 八(はっ)紘(こう) (hakkō)
  • 八(はっ)荒(こう) (hakkō)
  • 八(はっ)朔(さく) (hassaku)
  • 八(はち)字(じ)髭(ひげ) (hachijihige)
  • 八(はっ)州(しょう) (hasshō)
  • 八(や)重(え) (yae)
  • 八(はち)丈(じょう) (hachijō)
  • 八(はち)丈(じょう)島(じま) (hachijōjima)
  • 八(はっ)達(たつ) (hattatsu)
  • 八(はっ)丁(しょう) (hasshō)
  • 八(や)潮(しお)路(じ) (yashioji)
  • 七(しち)転(てん)八(ばっ)倒(とう) (shichiten-battō)
  • 八(はち)道(どう) (hachidō)
  • 八(よう)日(か) (yōka)
  • 八(はち)幡(まん) (hachiman)
  • 八(はっ)分(ぷん) (happun)
  • 八(はち)辺(へん)形(げい) (hachihengei, “octagon”)
  • 八(はっ)宝(ぽう)菜(さい) (happōsai)
  • 八(はっ)方(ぽう) (happō)
  • 八(はち)面(めん) (hachimen)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
八
はち
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) は​ち [háꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠t͡ɕi]
  • Audio(file)

Numeral

八(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight, 8

Noun

八(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八の字.
  3. Short for 八兵衛.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
八
や
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) や​ [yáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ja̠]

Noun

八(や) • (ya) 

  1. eight
  • 八(や)つ (yatsu)
  • 嘘(うそ)っ八(ぱち) (usoppachi)
  • 一(いち)か八(ばち)か (ichikabachika)

Coordinate terms

Japanese numbers
012345678910
Regular零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero)		一(いち) (ichi)二(に) (ni)三(さん) (san)四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi)		五(ご) (go)六(ろく) (roku)七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi)		八(はち) (hachi)九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku)		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal壱(いち) (ichi)弐(に) (ni)参(さん) (san)拾(じゅう) (jū)
901003006008001,0003,0008,00010,000100,000,000
Regular九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū)百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen)八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen)一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman)一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
10128×1012101310166×10168×101610171018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō)八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō)十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō)一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei)六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei)八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei)十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei)百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Korean numbers (edit)
80
 ←  789  → 
    Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal)
    Hanja: 八
    Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527여듧 (Yale: yètùlp)팔 (Yale: phál)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp)팔 (Yale: phal)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰa̠ɭ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [팔]

Hanja

Wikisource八 (eumhun 여덟 팔 (yeodeol pal))

  1. Hanja form? of 팔 (“eight”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 팔방 (八方, palbang)
  • 팔자 (八字, palja)
  • 팔식 (八識, palsik)
  • 팔고 (八苦, palgo)
  • 팔순 (八旬, palsun)
  • 팔팔십 (達八十, palpalsip)
  • 팔불용 (八不用, palburyong)
  • 칠전팔기 (七顚八起, chiljeonpalgi)
  • 십중팔구 (十中八九, sipjungpalgu)
  • 팔방미인 (八方美人, palbangmiin)
  • 백팔번뇌 (百八煩惱, baekpalbeonnoe)
  • 사고팔고 (四苦八苦, sagopalgo)
  • 팔면육비 (八面六臂, palmyeonyukbi)
  • 사각팔방 (四角八方, sagakpalbang)
  • 관동팔경 (關東八景, gwandongpalgyeong)
  • 사통팔달 (四通八達, satongpaldal)
  • 이팔청춘 (二八靑春, ipalcheongchun)
  • 구산팔해 (九山八海, gusanpalhae)
  • 십상팔구 (十常八九, sipsangpalgu)
  • 사방팔방 (四方八方, sabangpalbang)
  • 사주팔자 (四柱八字, sajupalja)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bát (“eight, octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)”).

Derived terms

  • 八卦 (bát quái)
  • 八極拳 (bát cực quyền)
  • 八角 (bát giác)
  • 八音 (bát âm)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
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