內
See also: 内
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Translingual
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Han character
內 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人月 (OB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿻冂入)
Derived characters
- 吶 㘨 𢗉 納 芮 抐
References
- KangXi: page 125, character 35
- Dae Jaweon: page 267, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5167
- Unihan data for U+2F814
Chinese
| trad. | 內 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 内 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 內 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 妠 | *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd |
| 內 | *nuːbs |
| 笍 | *tnobs, *njobs |
| 芮 | *njobs |
| 枘 | *njobs |
| 汭 | *njobs |
| 鈉 | *njobs |
| 蜹 | *njobs, *lobs, *njod |
| 抐 | *nuːns, *nuːd |
| 納 | *nuːb |
| 衲 | *nuːb |
| 魶 | *nuːb, *noːb |
| 軜 | *nuːb |
| 蒳 | *nuːb |
| 豽 | *rnuːd |
| 肭 | *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ |
| 吶 | *nod |
| 焫 | *njod |
| 訥 | *nuːd |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.
Etymology
Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
內
- inside; interior; internal; inner
- Antonym: 外 (wài)
- 室內／室内 ― shìnèi ― indoors
- 內傷／内伤 ― nèishāng ― internal injury
- 內戰／内战 ― nèizhàn ― civil war
- 未來幾天內／未来几天内 ― wèilái jǐtiān nèi ― within the next few days
- 君子敬而無失，與人恭而有禮，四海之內，皆兄弟也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jūnzǐ jìng ér wú shī, yǔ rén gōng ér yǒulǐ, sìhǎi zhī nèi, jiē xiōngdì yě. [Pinyin]
- Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct, and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety - then all within the four seas will be his brothers.
君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) room; inner room
- (literary) court; imperial palace
- woman; wife
- 內兄／内兄 ― nèixiōng ― wife's elder brother
- 江湖中說你是條好漢，原來是個懼內的庸夫。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Jiānghú zhōng shuō nǐ shì tiáo hǎohàn, yuánlái shì ge jù nèi de yōngfū. [Pinyin]
- It is said in the rivers and lakes that you are a brave man, but it turns out that you are a husband who fears his wife.
江湖中说你是条好汉，原来是个惧内的庸夫。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- heart; mind; self
- 內疚／内疚 ― nèijiù ― conscience-stricken
- 見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiàn xián sī qí yān, jiàn bù xián ér nèi zìxǐng yě. [Pinyin]
- When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.
见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs
- (Buddhism) within Buddhism
- 內典／内典 ― nèidiǎn ― Buddhist scripture
- 內學／内学 ― nèixué ― Buddhism
- 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
- (Teochew) family
- (Teochew) home
- 伊無在內。／伊无在内。 [Teochew] ― i1 bho5 do6 lai6. [Peng'im] ― He/she is not home.
- (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那 (nà).
- 有內味了。／有内味了。 ― Yǒunèiwèile. ― That's the taste.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 裡邊 (“inside”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 裡面, 裡邊 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 裡頭, 裡邊兒 |
| Taiwan | 裡面, 裡邊, 裡頭 | |
| Harbin | 裡面兒, 裡面 | |
| Shenyang | 裡頭 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡頭 | |
| Jinan | 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡面 | |
| Luoyang | 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒 | |
| Wanrong | 裡頭 | |
| Xi'an | 裡頭 | |
| Yinchuan | 裡頭 | |
| Lanzhou | 裡面個, 裡頭 | |
| Xining | 裡頭, 裡面 | |
| Ürümqi | 裡頭, 裡面 | |
| Wuhan | 裡頭, 裡邊, 肚裡 | |
| Chengdu | 後頭, 裡頭, 裡面 | |
| Guiyang | 裡頭, 裡邊, 裡面 | |
| Kunming | 裡首 | |
| Liuzhou | 裡頭, 裡面 | |
| Xuzhou | 裡邊兒, 裡邊, 裡頭兒, 裡頭, 裡面 | |
| Yangzhou | 裡頭, 裡口, 裡身 | |
| Nanjing | 裡頭 | |
| Hefei | 裡頭 | |
| Nantong | 裡頭 | |
| Malaysia | 裡面 | |
| Singapore | 裡面 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 裡面 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 裡面, 裡頭 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡底, 裡面, 入面 |
| Hong Kong | 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡面, 入面 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 入邊, 入解 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 入面, 入便 | |
| Taishan | 入便, 入面, 耳後 | |
| Dongguan | 入內, 內頭, 內便 | |
| Yangjiang | 裡頭 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 入便, 裡便, 入面 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 入便 | |
| Yangon (Taishan) | 裡頭 | |
| Mandalay (Taishan) | 裡面 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 裡頭, 肚裡 |
| Lichuan | 裡家, 內裡 | |
| Pingxiang | 內裡 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 裡背, 肚仔, 肚裡背 |
| Xingning | 裡背 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 裡背 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 裡背 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 裡背 | |
| Changting | 裡背 | |
| Wuping | 裡背 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 裡背 | |
| Liancheng | 裡背 | |
| Ninghua | 裡邊 | |
| Ruijin | 內裡 | |
| Shicheng | 裡交, 裡向 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 裡囊 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 裡背, 裡肚仔, 裡肚, 內肚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 內底 | |
| Hong Kong | 裡背 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 裡頭, 裡首 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 裡頭, 裡面, 黑裡 |
| Xinzhou | 後兒, 裡頭 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 裡邊 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 裡勢, 裡邊 |
| Fuqing | 裡勢 | |
| Matsu | 裡勢 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內兜, 內角 |
| Quanzhou | 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內壁, 內溝, 內角 | |
| Shishi | 內面 | |
| Zhangzhou | 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內角 | |
| Zhao'an | 內底 | |
| Taipei | 內底, 內面 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 內底 | |
| Kaohsiung | 內底, 內面 | |
| Yilan | 內底, 內面 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 內底 | |
| Taichung | 內底, 內面 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 內面 | |
| Tainan | 內底, 內面 | |
| Taitung | 內底 | |
| Hsinchu | 內底, 內面 | |
| Kinmen | 內底 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 內底, 內面 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 內面 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 內爿, 內底, 內交, 內面 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 內面, 內爿 | |
| Chaozhou | 底爿, 內爿 | |
| Shantou | 底爿, 內爿, 內底 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 內底 | |
| Jieyang | 底爿, 內爿, 內底, 內面 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 內底 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 內爿, 內底 | |
| Wenchang | 內 | |
| Haikou | 內面, 內 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 內 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 裡頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 裡頭, 裡向, 裡向頭, 裡首 dated |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 裡面, 裡向 | |
| Suzhou | 裡向, 裡面 | |
| Danyang | 肚裡 | |
| Hangzhou | 裡頭, 裡向 | |
| Ningbo | 裡向, 裡頭 | |
| Wenzhou | 底面, 底轉 | |
| Jinhua | 裡面, 裡頭 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 裡頭, 裡面, 肚裡 |
| Loudi | 肚裡, 底裡, 裡頭 | |
| Shuangfeng | 底頭, 肚裡 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 家 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 家 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 家 |
| Taiwan | 家 | |
| Tianjin | 家 | |
| Jinan | 家 | |
| Xi'an | 家, 屋 | |
| Wuhan | 屋裡, 家 | |
| Chengdu | 屋頭, 家 | |
| Guilin | 家 | |
| Yangzhou | 家, 家頭 | |
| Hefei | 家 | |
| Malaysia | 家 | |
| Singapore | 家 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 家 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屋企 |
| Hong Kong | 屋企 | |
| Macau | 屋企 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 屋企 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 屋企 | |
| Taishan | 屋企, 企 | |
| Dongguan | 屋企 | |
| Yunfu | 屋己 | |
| Yangjiang | 屋己, 屋 | |
| Maoming (Xinpo) | 屋己 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 屋企 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 屋企 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屋裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 屋下 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 屋 | |
| Huiyang | 屋下 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 屋下 | |
| Boluo (Bendihua) | 屋 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Wengyuan | 屋下 | |
| Liannan | 屋下 | |
| Jiexi | 屋家 | |
| Luhe | 屋下 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 屋下 | |
| Changting | 屋下 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 屋下 | |
| Liancheng | 屋下 | |
| Ninghua | 屋下 | |
| Ningdu | 屋下 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 屋下 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 屋下 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 屋下 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 屋家 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屋下 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 屋下 | |
| Hong Kong | 屋下 | |
| Yangxi (Tangkou) | 屋下 | |
| Yangchun (Sanjia) | 屋下 | |
| Xinyi (Sihe) | 屋下 | |
| Xinyi (Qianpai) | 屋下 | |
| Gaozhou (Xindong) | 屋下 | |
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 屋下 | |
| Huazhou (Xin'an) | 屋下 | |
| Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 屋下 | |
| Lianjiang (Qingping) | 屋下 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 屋下 | |
| Luchuan | 屋下 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 屋下 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 家 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 厝 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 厝 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 厝 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 厝, 兜 |
| Quanzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Jinjiang | 厝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Zhao'an | 厝 | |
| Taipei | 兜 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 兜 | |
| Kaohsiung | 兜 | |
| Yilan | 厝, 兜 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 兜, 塊 | |
| Taichung | 兜 | |
| Tainan | 厝, 兜 | |
| Hsinchu | 兜 | |
| Kinmen | 塊, 兜 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 塊, 兜 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 厝, 兜 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 厝, 厝內, 兜 | |
| Chaozhou | 內 | |
| Shantou | 內 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 內 | |
| Jieyang | 內 | |
| Haifeng | 厝 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 厝, 內 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 內 | |
| Wenchang | 厝 | |
| Qionghai | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 厝 | |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 寮 |
| Fuding | 寮 | |
| Luoyuan | 寮 | |
| Sanming | 寮 | |
| Shunchang | 寮 | |
| Hua'an | 寮 | |
| Guixi (Zhangping) | 寮 | |
| Cangnan | 寮 | |
| Jingning | 寮 | |
| Lishui | 寮 | |
| Longyou | 寮 | |
| Chaozhou | 寮 | |
| Fengshun | 寮 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屋裡 |
| Suzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Ningbo | 屋落, 屋裡 | |
| Wenzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屋裡 |
| Shuangfeng | 屋裡 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 內
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (內):
- → Japanese: 内 (nai)
- → Korean: 내(內) (nae)
- → Vietnamese: nội (內)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
內
- † to enter
- † Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 內
|
Japanese
Shinjitai | 内 |
Kyūjitai | 內 |
Kanji
內
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: ない (nai)
- Kan-on: だい (dai)
- Kun: うち (uchi); いる (iru); いれる (ireru)
Usage notes
This character is usually not used in Japanese and lacks JIS support. The variant 内 (U+5185) is used instead.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 內 (MC nuʌiH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뇡〮 (Yale: nwóy) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 안〮 (Yale: án) | ᄂᆡ〯 (Yale: nǒy) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))
- Hanja form? of 내 (“inside; within”). [dependent noun; prefix]
Compounds
Compounds
- 가내 (家內, ganae)
- 국내 (國內, gungnae)
- 내각 (內閣, naegak)
- 내강 (內腔, naegang)
- 내과 (內科, naegwa)
- 내란 (內亂, naeran)
- 내륙 (內陸, naeryuk)
- 내부 (內部, naebu)
- 내수 (內需, naesu)
- 내시경 (內視鏡, naesigyeong)
- 내외 (內外, nae'oe)
- 내용 (內容, naeyong)
- 내장 (內臟, naejang)
- 내전 (內戰, naejeon)
- 내칙 (內則, naechik)
- 시내 (市內, sinae)
- 실내 (室內, sillae)
- 안내 (案內, annae)
- 이내 (以內, inae)
Vietnamese
Han character
內: Hán Nôm readings: nội
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.