兜
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
兜 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山 (HVHU), four-corner 77217).
Derived characters
- 篼, 蔸, 㨮, 𣘛, 𩮷
References
- KangXi: page 125, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1386
- Dae Jaweon: page 265, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 273, character 16
- Unihan data for U+515C
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 兜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 兠／兜 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 兜 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (兜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 兜 | *toː |
| 篼 | *toː |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet.
Etymology 1
Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more.
Pronunciation
Definitions
兜
- helmet; hood
- helmet-shaped
- armor
- to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap
- bag; pouch; plastic bag
- to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly
- to reach
- to move around; to move in a circle
- 兜嚟兜去 [Cantonese] ― dau1 lai4 dau1 heoi3 [Jyutping] ― to pace around; to walk around here and there
- to canvass; to solicit
- 兜生意 ― dōu shēngyi ― to solicit business
- to take responsibility for
- to relate in detail
- to peddle; to hawk
- (Hokkien) home
- 恁兜的爸母誰來飼？ [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 梁智強，李國煌, 少年英雄
- Lín tau ê pē-bú siâng lâi chhī? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- Who will provide for your parents at home?
恁兜的爸母谁来饲？ [Hokkien, simp.]
- (Hokkien) nearby
- (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location
- 這兜／这兜 [Hokkien] ― chit-tau [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― this place; this side; this location
- (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl
- 揸兜 [Cantonese] ― zaa1 dau1 [Jyutping] ― to beg on the streets (literally "to hold a shallow bowl")
- 入啲餸落個兜 [Cantonese, trad.]
- jap6 di1 sung3 lok6 go3 dau1 [Jyutping]
- put the food into the container
入啲𩠌落个兜 [Cantonese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
- 快啲搵個嘢嚟兜住啲水，等佢唔好再滴落嚟！ [Cantonese, trad.]
- faai3 di1 wan2 go3 je5 lai4 dau1 zyu6 di1 seoi2, dang2 keoi5 m4 hou2 zoi3 dik6 lok6 lai4! [Jyutping]
- Quickly find something that could hold the water, so that it won't drip ever again!
快啲揾个嘢嚟兜住啲水，等佢唔好再滴落嚟！ [Cantonese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to make a detour; to deviate
- (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
- (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation
- 你講到咁離譜，而家點兜都兜唔返。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- nei5 gong2 dou3 gam3 lei4 pou2, ji4 gaa1 dim2 dau1 dou1 dau1 m4 faan1. [Jyutping]
- You've gone too far with what you said. There's no way to get it right.
你讲到咁离谱，而家点兜都兜唔返。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container.
- 兩兜冷飯／两兜冷饭 [Cantonese] ― loeng5 dau1 laang5 faan6 [Jyutping] ― two containers of leftover rice
- (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
- 兜巴星 [Cantonese] ― dau1 baa1 sing1 [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonyms
- (pocket): 口袋 (kǒudai), 衣袋 (yīdài), 衣兜 (yīdōu)
- (bag): (Min Nan) 袋仔 (tē-á)
- (to move in a circle): 繞／绕 (rào)
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 家 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 家 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 家 |
| Taiwan | 家 | |
| Tianjin | 家 | |
| Jinan | 家 | |
| Xi'an | 家, 屋 | |
| Wuhan | 屋裡, 家 | |
| Chengdu | 屋頭, 家 | |
| Guilin | 家 | |
| Yangzhou | 家, 家頭 | |
| Hefei | 家 | |
| Malaysia | 家 | |
| Singapore | 家 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 家 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屋企 |
| Hong Kong | 屋企 | |
| Macau | 屋企 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 屋企 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 屋企 | |
| Taishan | 屋企, 企 | |
| Dongguan | 屋企 | |
| Yunfu | 屋己 | |
| Yangjiang | 屋己, 屋 | |
| Maoming (Xinpo) | 屋己 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 屋企 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 屋企 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屋裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 屋下 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 屋 | |
| Huiyang | 屋下 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 屋下 | |
| Boluo (Bendihua) | 屋 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 屋下 | |
| Wengyuan | 屋下 | |
| Liannan | 屋下 | |
| Jiexi | 屋家 | |
| Luhe | 屋下 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 屋下 | |
| Changting | 屋下 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 屋下 | |
| Liancheng | 屋下 | |
| Ninghua | 屋下 | |
| Ningdu | 屋下 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 屋下 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 屋下 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 屋下 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 屋家 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屋下 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 屋下 | |
| Hong Kong | 屋下 | |
| Yangxi (Tangkou) | 屋下 | |
| Yangchun (Sanjia) | 屋下 | |
| Xinyi (Sihe) | 屋下 | |
| Xinyi (Qianpai) | 屋下 | |
| Gaozhou (Xindong) | 屋下 | |
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 屋下 | |
| Huazhou (Xin'an) | 屋下 | |
| Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 屋下 | |
| Lianjiang (Qingping) | 屋下 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 屋下 | |
| Luchuan | 屋下 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 屋下 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 家 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 厝 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 厝 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 厝 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 厝, 兜 |
| Quanzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Jinjiang | 厝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Zhao'an | 厝 | |
| Taipei | 兜 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 兜 | |
| Kaohsiung | 兜 | |
| Yilan | 厝, 兜 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 兜, 塊 | |
| Taichung | 兜 | |
| Tainan | 厝, 兜 | |
| Hsinchu | 兜 | |
| Kinmen | 塊, 兜 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 塊, 兜 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 厝, 兜 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 厝, 厝內, 兜 | |
| Chaozhou | 內 | |
| Shantou | 內 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 內 | |
| Jieyang | 內 | |
| Haifeng | 厝 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 厝, 內 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 內 | |
| Wenchang | 厝 | |
| Qionghai | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 厝 | |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 寮 |
| Fuding | 寮 | |
| Luoyuan | 寮 | |
| Sanming | 寮 | |
| Shunchang | 寮 | |
| Hua'an | 寮 | |
| Guixi (Zhangping) | 寮 | |
| Cangnan | 寮 | |
| Jingning | 寮 | |
| Lishui | 寮 | |
| Longyou | 寮 | |
| Chaozhou | 寮 | |
| Fengshun | 寮 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屋裡 |
| Suzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Ningbo | 屋落, 屋裡 | |
| Wenzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屋裡 |
| Shuangfeng | 屋裡 | |
Compounds
|
|
|
Pronunciation
Definitions
兜
- (Hakka) some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount)
- (Hakka) Plural marker for pronouns.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 些 (“some, a few”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 些 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 些 |
| Singapore | 些 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲 |
| Hong Kong | 啲 | |
| Taishan | 尼 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 啲 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 兜 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 兜 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 兜 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 兜 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 兜 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 兜 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 兜 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 寡 |
| Zhangzhou | 寡 | |
| Tainan | 寡 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
| Shantou | 撮 | |
| Jieyang | 撮 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 撮 | |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 厘兒 |
- (plural marker for pronouns): 們／们 (men); (Cantonese) 哋
Compounds
|
|
|
Further reading
- (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #6941”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
兜
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
- Go-on: つ (tsu); と (to)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kun: かぶと (kabuto, 兜)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 兜 |
| かぶと Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 冑 甲 |
_hari_bachi_kabuto.jpg.webp)
兜 (kabuto): a traditional Japanese helmet.
From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the reading kaputo.[1]
Derivation currently unknown.
- A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 被る (kaburu, “to wear something on the head”). However, that reading derives from older form kagafuru and does not appear until 850,[1] some time after the first appearance of kabuto.
- An alternative analysis might suggest a compound of 頭 (kabu, “head”, kun'yomi and native Japanese term) + 兜 (to, “helmet”, on'yomi and borrowing from Chinese). However, the “head” sense with the kabu reading does not appear until near the end of the Muromachi period.[1]
- Word-medial bilabial plosives usually underwent lenition, shifting along the lines of /p/ → /f/ → /w/, then vanishing altogether except where the following vowel was /a/. This lenition often did not happen at morpheme boundaries in compound words. The persistence of the /b/ in kabuto might thus suggest that this term was originally a compound of ka + puto. The ka element is uncertain, possibly the か (ka-) intensifying prefix added to adjectives; Old Japanese puto would be the stem and root of modern 太い (futoi, “thick; fat; stout”), possibly in reference to the protective strength provided by a helmet. This puto would then have undergone rendaku (連濁) to become buto.
- Compare the phonology of adjective か細い (kabosoi, “very slender”), composed of this ka- prefix and adjective 細い (hosoi, ancient pososi) and demonstrating a similar retention of the bilabial plosive and rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かぶと [káꜜbùtò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝto̞]
Noun
兜 • (kabuto)
- helmet
Derived terms
- 兜合わせ (kabutoawase, “frot”)
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
兜 (eum 두 (du))
- (투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
Synonyms
- 冑 (冑) (주, ju)
See also
- 甲 (甲) (갑, gap) armor
Vietnamese
Han character
兜: Hán Nôm readings: đâu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.