光
See also: 灮
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)
Derived characters
- 侊, 𢓥, 垙, 挄, 咣, 洸, 恍, 姯, 㹰, 𨒺, 珖, 桄, 𤈛, 晄, 𥙑, 胱, 㿠, 𥆄, 硄, 絖, 𦨻, 𧧯, 𧵦, 輄(𨐈), 𨠵, 觥, 靗, 銧, 𩊠, 皝, 駫, 䯑
- 𣆥, 𠒦, 𠒥, 𠒬, 尡, 䆪, 韑, 𤾗, 輝(辉), 𠓇, 𪀯, 𠓁, 𦒉, 𠓅, 黋, 㒯, 𠓐, 耀, 兤, 𠓑, 𧹍
- 𣆤, 茪, 晃, 䨔, 𢩊, 𤶏, 㘢, 𡾡
References
- KangXi: page 124, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
- Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5149
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 光 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㫕 灮 炗 炚 炛 㫕 灮 炗 炚 炛 烡 𠈑 𤉭 𤎫 𤐥 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 光 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  |  |  |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 光 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs |
| 灮 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 洸 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ |
| 桄 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs |
| 胱 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 垙 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 輄 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 恍 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ |
| 茪 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 侊 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ |
| 晃 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 幌 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 榥 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 滉 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 觥 | *kʷraːŋ |
| 駫 | *kʷeːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
光
- light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
- 燈光／灯光 ― dēngguāng ― lamplight
- 聚光燈／聚光灯 ― jùguāngdēng ― spotlight
- 一束光透過門縫射進來。 [MSC, trad.]
- Yī shù guāng tòuguò ménféng shè jìnlái. [Pinyin]
- A beam of light shone through the door.
一束光透过门缝射进来。 [MSC, simp.]
- glory; pride
- 臺灣之光／台湾之光 ― Táiwān zhī guāng ― the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
- bright
- time
- shiny; smooth
- scenery; sight
- to make bare; to be naked
- 光著腳走路／光着脚走路 ― guāngzhe jiǎo zǒulù ― to walk barefoot
- 我光著呢。／我光着呢。 ― Wǒ guāngzhe ne. ― I'm not decent.
- only
- 別光吃肉，吃點蔬菜吧。 [MSC, trad.]
- Bié guāng chī ròu, chī diǎn shūcài ba. [Pinyin]
- Don't eat only meat. Eat some vegetables.
别光吃肉，吃点蔬菜吧。 [MSC, simp.]
- Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion; until none is left
- 賣光了／卖光了 ― mài guāng le ― completely sold out
- 我已經用光了所有的錢。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ yǐjīng yòngguāng le suǒyǒu de qián. [Pinyin]
- I've already used up all of my money.
我已经用光了所有的钱。 [MSC, simp.]
- Used in polite expressions.
- a surname
Synonyms
- (light):
Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 光 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 光 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 光, 亮兒 † |
| Taiwan | 光 | |
| Jinan | 光, 亮兒 † | |
| Xi'an | 光, 亮 † | |
| Wuhan | 光 | |
| Chengdu | 光 | |
| Guilin | 光 | |
| Yangzhou | 光 | |
| Hefei | 光 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 光 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 光 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 光 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 光 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 光 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 光 |
| Hong Kong | 光 | |
| Yangjiang | 光 | |
| Beihai | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 光, 亮 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 光 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Móng Cái | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 光 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 光, 亮 |
| Shanghang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Jiexi) | 光 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 光, 亮 † |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 光 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 光 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 光 |
| Chaozhou | 光 | |
| Shantou | 光 | |
| Jieyang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Hat Yai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 光 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 光 |
| Wenzhou | 光 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 亮, 光 |
| Xiangxiang | 光 | |
| Shuangfeng | 光 | |
| Note | † - beam or lamplight | |
- (bright):
Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 明, 亮 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 亮, 光亮 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 亮 |
| Taiwan | 亮 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 亮 | |
| Jinan | 亮 | |
| Xi'an | 亮 | |
| Yinchuan | 亮 | |
| Wuhan | 亮, 光 | |
| Chengdu | 亮 | |
| Guiyang | 亮 | |
| Guilin | 亮 | |
| Yangzhou | 亮 | |
| Nanjing | 亮 | |
| Hefei | 亮 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 光 |
| Hong Kong | 光 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 皓 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 光 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 皓 | |
| Taishan | 皓 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 光 | |
| Dongguan | 光, 皓 | |
| Yangjiang | 光 | |
| Nanning | 光 | |
| Danzhou | 光 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 亮 |
| Pingxiang | 光 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 光 |
| Xingning | 光 | |
| Huiyang | 光 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 光 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 光 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 光 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 光 | |
| Wengyuan | 光 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 光 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 光 | |
| Liannan | 光 | |
| Jiexi | 光 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 光 | |
| Changting | 光 | |
| Wuping | 光 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 光 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 光 | |
| Liancheng | 光 | |
| Ninghua | 光 | |
| Yudu | 光 | |
| Ningdu | 光 | |
| Ruijin | 光 | |
| Shicheng | 光 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 光 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 光 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 光 | |
| Dayu | 光 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 光 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 光 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 光 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 光 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 光 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 光 | |
| Hong Kong | 光 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 光 | |
| Luchuan | 光 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 光 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 亮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 亮 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 光 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 光 |
| Changle | 光 | |
| Fuqing | 光 | |
| Yongtai | 光 | |
| Gutian | 光 | |
| Fu'an | 光 | |
| Ningde | 光 | |
| Shouning | 光 | |
| Zhouning | 光 | |
| Fuding | 光 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 光 |
| Quanzhou | 光 | |
| Zhangzhou | 光 | |
| Taipei | 光 | |
| Kaohsiung | 光 | |
| Yilan | 光 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 光 | |
| Taichung | 光 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 光 | |
| Tainan | 光 | |
| Taitung | 光 | |
| Hsinchu | 光 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 光 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 光 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 光 | |
| Chaozhou | 光 | |
| Shantou | 光, 亮 | |
| Jieyang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Leizhou | 光 | |
| Wenchang | 光 | |
| Haikou | 光 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 亮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 亮 |
| Suzhou | 亮 | |
| Hangzhou | 亮 | |
| Wenzhou | 光 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 亮, 光 |
| Shuangfeng | 亮, 光 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Antonyms
- (bright): 暗 (àn), 黑 (hēi)
Compounds
Derived terms from 光
|
|
|
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (光):
- → Japanese: 光 (kō)
- → Korean: 광(光) (gwang)
- → Vietnamese: quang (光)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
光
- ‡ to color
References
- “光”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #2065”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
光
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kun: ひかり (hikari, 光, Jōyō); ひかる (hikaru, 光る, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); てる (teru); ひこ (hiko); み (mi); みつ (mitsu)
Compounds
- 竹光 (takemitsu)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひかり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/
From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ひかり [h
ìkáríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[3][2] - IPA(key): [çi̥ka̠ɾʲi]
Noun
光 • (hikari) (counter 筋)
- a physically perceived light:
- a light, beam, illumination
- a gleam, glow, ray
- a glimmer, shine, sparkle
- ダイヤモンドの光
- daiyamondo no hikari
- a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
- ダイヤモンドの光
- a luster/lustre, polish, sheen
- a metaphorical light:
- glory, influence, power
- a glimmer, gleam
- 前途に光を失う
- zento ni hikari o ushinau
- to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
- 解決への道に光を投げかける
- kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
- to shed light on the way to a solution
- 前途に光を失う
- positive aspect
- インターネット時代の光
- intānetto jidai no hikari
- the positive aspect of the internet age
- インターネット時代の光
- a displaying, putting on airs
- a vision, eyesight
- (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
- 光ファイバー
- hikari faibā
- optical fiber
- 光ファイバー
- (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
Synonyms
- (glitter): 光沢 (kōtaku)
- (glory): 栄え (hae), 栄光 (eikō)
Antonyms
- (positive aspect): 影 (kage, “negative aspect”)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- ぴかぴか (pikapika)
- ぴかり (pikari, “glitteringly, sparklingly”)
- 光カード (hikari kādo, “optical card”)
- 光コンピュータ (hikari konpyūta, “optical computer”)
- 光ディスク (hikari disuku, “optical disc”)
- 光通信 (hikari tsūshin, “optical communication”)
- 光通信ケーブル (hikari tsūshin kēburu, “optical communication cable, fiberoptic cable”)
- 光ファイバー (hikari faibā, “optical fiber”)
- 光伝道度 (hikari dendōdo, “photoconductivity”)
- 光分解 (hikari bunkai, “optical degradation, photodegradation”)
- 稲光 (inabikari)
- 死に光 (shinibikari)
- 七光 (nanahikari)
- 蛍の光 (Hotaru no Hikari)
Idiom
- 蛍の光窓の雪 (hotaru no hikari mado no yuki, “firefly's dim light, snow reflected on the window → diligent study”)
Descendants
- → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)
Proper noun
光 • (Hikari)
- a placename, such as that of a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture
- one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひか(る) Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).
Pronunciation
- (Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) ひかる [hìkáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
- IPA(key): [çika̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Proper noun
光 • (Hikaru)
- a male given name
- a female given name
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA(key): [ko̞ː]
Affix
光 • (kō) ←くわう (kwau)?
- light, gleam, shine
- gleaming, shining
- scenery
- glory, honor/honour, pride
- enlightening
- exhaust, run out
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 光陰 (kōin)
- 光栄 (kōei)
- 光輝 (kōki)
- 光景 (kōkei)
- 光沢 (kōtaku)
- 光線 (kōsen)
- 光明 (kōmyō)
- 光明 (kōmei)
- 光来 (kōrai)
- 光臨 (kōrin)
- 威光 (ikō)
- 栄光 (eikō)
- 観光 (kankō)
- 眼光 (gankō)
- 月光 (gekkō)
- 後光 (gokō)
- 採光 (saikō)
- 消光 (shōkō)
- 閃光 (senkō)
- 電光 (denkō)
- 日光 (nikkō)
- 発光 (hakkō)
- 風光 (fūkō)
- 目光 (mokkō)
- 夜光 (yakō)
Proper noun
光 • (Kō) ←くわう (kwau)?
- a male or female given name
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 빗〮 (Yale: pís) | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [광]
Hanja
Wikisource光 (eumhun 빛 광 (bit gwang))
- Hanja form? of 광 (“light; shine, lustre”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 광 (“light”). [affix]
Compounds
Compounds
- 관광 (觀光, gwan'gwang)
- 광명 (光明, gwangmyeong)
- 광선 (光線, gwangseon)
- 광속 (光速, gwangsok)
- 광택 (光澤, gwangtaek)
- 광학 (光學, gwanghak)
- 광합성 (光合成, gwanghapseong)
- 광휘 (光輝, gwanghwi)
- 발광 (發光, balgwang)
- 섬광 (閃光, seomgwang)
- 야광 (夜光, yagwang)
- 영광 (榮光, yeonggwang)
- 일광 (日光, ilgwang)
- 전광석화 (電光石火, jeon'gwangseokhwa)
- 형광 (螢光, hyeonggwang)
- 후광 (後光, hugwang)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Okinawan
Kanji
光
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- On: く (ku)
- Kun: ふぃちゃい (fichai, 光); ふぃちゃゆん (fichayun, 光ゆん)
Compounds
- 夜光貝 (yakugē)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ふぃちゃい Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 光 (hikari).
The stem form of verb 光ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).
Pronunciation
- (Shuri-Naha) ふぃちゃい [fìcháí] (Heiban - [0])
- IPA(key): [ɸit͡ɕai]
Noun
光 (hiragana ふぃちゃい, rōmaji fichai)
- light
- lush, polish, sheen
Derived terms
- 月ぬ光 (chichi nu fichai)
- 日ぬ光 (fī nu fichai)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ふぃかり Grade: 2 |
Borrowed from Japanese 光 (hikari).
Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.
Pronunciation
- (Shuri-Naha) ふぃかり [fìkárí] (Heiban - [0])
- IPA(key): [ɸikaɾi]
Noun
光 (hiragana ふぃかり, rōmaji fikari)
- light
- (rare, obsolete) authority, power, influence, honor
Derived terms
- う光 (ufikari)
References
Old Japanese
Etymology
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
Noun
光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)
- a light
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
Descendants
- Japanese: 光 (hikari)
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
Han character
光: Hán Nôm readings: quang
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.